With the advent of the digital age on-air television, many subscribers of cable and satellite networks began to think more and more about connecting free broadcasting. After all, according to the FTP, on the development of a network of digital terrestrial broadcasting, in open access will appear more than twenty TV channels V excellent quality absolutely free . Which include obligatory federal television channels.

The question arises - how to connect digital terrestrial television at home?

There is nothing difficult in this. To receive digital terrestrial television, you will need any subscriber equipment of the standard DVB-T2/MPEG-4 with mode support Multiple PLP and decimeter antenna ( DMV) range. The antenna can be either collective (installed on the house, also called common house) or individual, installed directly in your house or apartment. Depending on the distance to the transmitting center, it is necessary to select the desired antenna. They are divided into active (with amplifier) ​​and passive. When buying an antenna, you can first clarify the power of the transmitting equipment installed in your region and the distance to the transmitting center. Based on the data obtained, select an antenna.

Approximate range of transmitting stations:
10 W– about 3 km;
50 W– about 5 km;
100 W– about 15 km;
500 W– about 25 km;
1 kW- about 30-35 km;
2 kW- about 35-40 km;
5 kW- about 40 - 50 km.

Let's go directly to the receiving equipment. Three main groups can be distinguished: TVs with a built-in DVB-T2 tuner, set-top boxes of the same standard, and DVB-T2 digital computer tuners. Their setup is similar, if not the same.

Check if your TV can receive a DVB-T2 signal

Video: how to set up DVB-T2 digital terrestrial television

It is best to connect a digital terrestrial set-top box according to the manufacturer's instructions, it is almost impossible to make a mistake there. Also, you can watch the official video from RTRS:

A few recommendations, also from RTRS:
connect the plug of the antenna cable and, if necessary, the digital set-top box to the TV;
connect auto search for channels - the TV will tune in to the corresponding digital terrestrial channel, when tuning to a channel in manual mode you must specify the channel frequency (for example, 35 TV channel, 685 MHz);
in most digital TVs(and in set-top boxes) there is a built-in indicator of the signal level and quality, which will allow you to optimally tune your antenna to receive a digital terrestrial signal (see the instruction manual for the TV).

On TVs with a built-in DVB-T2 tuner, all manipulations are carried out through the TV menu. There shouldn't be any problems either.

We recommend updating the software of your subscriber equipment to the latest. This can be done in specialized services, or by yourself (if you are confident in your abilities). Software As a rule, you can download from the official websites of the manufacturer.

DVB-T2 digital channel frequencies:

21st television channel- reception frequency 474 MHz;
22nd television channel- reception frequency 482 MHz;
23rd television channel- reception frequency 490 MHz;
24th television channel- reception frequency 498 MHz;
25th television channel- reception frequency 506 MHz;
26th television channel- reception frequency 514 MHz;
27th television channel- reception frequency 522 MHz;
28th television channel- reception frequency 530 MHz;
29th television channel- reception frequency 538 MHz;
30th television channel- reception frequency 546 MHz;
31st television channel- reception frequency 554 MHz;
32nd television channel- reception frequency 562 MHz;
33rd television channel- reception frequency 570 MHz;
34th television channel- reception frequency 578 MHz;
35th television channel- reception frequency 586 MHz;
36th television channel- reception frequency 594 MHz;
37th television channel- reception frequency 602 MHz;
38th television channel- reception frequency 610 MHz;
39th television channel- reception frequency 618 MHz;
40th television channel- reception frequency 626 MHz;
41st television channel- reception frequency 634 MHz;
42nd television channel- reception frequency 642 MHz;
43rd television channel- reception frequency 650 MHz;
44th television channel- reception frequency 658 MHz;
45th television channel- reception frequency 666 MHz;
46th television channel- reception frequency 674 MHz;
47th television channel- reception frequency 682 MHz;
48th television channel- reception frequency 690 MHz;
49th television channel- reception frequency 698 MHz;
50th television channel- reception frequency 706 MHz;
51st television channel- reception frequency 714 MHz;
52nd television channel- reception frequency 722 MHz;
53rd television channel- reception frequency 730 MHz;
54th television channel- reception frequency 738 MHz;
55th television channel- reception frequency 746 MHz;
56th television channel- reception frequency 754 MHz;
57th television channel- reception frequency 762 MHz;
58th television channel- reception frequency 770 MHz;
59th television channel- reception frequency 778 MHz;
60th television channel- reception frequency 786 MHz;
61st television channel- reception frequency 794 MHz;
62nd television channel- reception frequency 802 MHz;
63rd television channel- reception frequency 810 MHz;
64th television channel- reception frequency 818 MHz;
65th television channel- reception frequency 826 MHz;
66th television channel- reception frequency 834 MHz;
67th television channel- reception frequency 842 MHz;
68th television channel- reception frequency 850 MHz;
69th television channel- reception frequency 858 MHz.

Let us clarify that the equipment of the standard DVB-T not compatible with equipment DVB-T standard 2 .
You can ask questions about broadcasting digital terrestrial television by calling the free number of a single information center RTRS 8 800 220 2002 .

Digital terrestrial television channels (DVB-T2 standard)

first channel;
Russia 1;
Match TV;
NTV;
Channel 5;
Russia-Culture;
Russia 24;
Carousel;
OTR;
TVC.

Ren-TV;
Saved;
STS;
Home;
TV3;
FRIDAY;
Star;
World;
TNT;
Muz TV.

These channels are open and broadcast absolutely free.

The Novaya Zemlya archipelago is popularly called the "Land of the Winds" for strong hurricanes and indomitable snowstorms. Here, in one of the most isolated corners of Russia, there are only two settlements - the administrative center with the beautiful name Belushya Guba and the village of Rogachevo. The inhabitants are only 3 thousand people. There is practically nothing else on the islands, sandwiched in the Arctic Ocean between the Barents and Kara Seas and with an area of ​​​​more than 83 thousand square kilometers. Only the arctic tundra, fjords, glaciers and polar bears.

“You can get to the mainland from here only by boat in the summer-autumn period or by plane, which is often canceled due to the peculiarities of the Arctic climate,” says local old-timer Arkady Ardanov. “And in Belushya Guba we have a regime: because of polar bears we are often simply not allowed to go outside the village."

The main leisure and source of information here, as in hundreds of other hard-to-reach, remote or simply small settlements in Russia, is television. Until recently, the inhabitants of the archipelago watched only three analogue TV channels and listened to the programs of one radio station. However, today each of the 3,000 viewers of Novaya Zemlya already receives ten TV channels and three radio stations in digital quality and absolutely free of charge.

Digitization of TV and radio broadcasting will allow developing a unified information space countries and improve the quality of life of the population

In the village of Amderma in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, located far beyond the Arctic Circle, the situation was not much different. Just a couple of months ago, the villagers, including many pensioners, watched only two TV channels at best. And today they have a choice of ten digital TV channels in excellent quality.

But in the remote villages of Lebedinka and Peshkovo, Novosibirsk Region, there is not even cellular communication, and there is modern digital television without a subscription fee and any coding.

Information inequality - fight

Just some five or six years ago, hundreds of Russian settlements were practically excluded from the country's information space. Almost half of the inhabitants of Russia received no more than four analogue TV channels. The number of available sources of information directly depended on where a particular viewer lived: residents of large cities could choose from different TV channels, while residents of small towns had to be content with one or two TV channels. The reception quality of which, by the way, left much to be desired.

Government Russian Federation decided to radically change the situation and in 2009 adopted the federal target program "Development of TV and Radio Broadcasting in the Russian Federation for 2009-2015". In accordance with it, the main performer - RTRS - transfers domestic television and radio broadcasting to digital technologies. Digital terrestrial television makes it possible to cover the most remote and isolated regions of Russia with a signal, improve the quality of the image and sound, and, importantly, save the frequency resource and use it in the future to expand the range of teleservices.

About 90% of the budget of the state program is directed to the construction of the network digital broadcasting in settlements with a population of less than 100 thousand people, in which 40% of the population of Russia live. The digitalization of television and radio broadcasting will allow developing a single information space of the country and improving the quality of life of the population. Construction of a domestic network of digital terrestrial television - the only way to provide the population with affordable and high-quality television without a subscription fee.

Digitalization area with Pluto

The deployment of digital infrastructure in Russia is one of the largest and most complex construction projects in the field of television broadcasting in the world. Many professionals in the communications and telecommunications industry agreed with this.

Since 2009, RTRS digital broadcasting stations have been appearing in every region of Russia. There should be 4956 of them in total. The main part of the stations, namely 3666, are being built from scratch. Each of the broadcasting facilities is equipped with two digital transmitters for broadcasting packages of digital TV channels RTRS-1 (first multiplex) and RTRS-2 (second multiplex). The digital package contains 10 TV channels. The main goal of such construction is to make high-quality multi-channel television available to all residents of Russia.

All digital TV channels should be distributed absolutely free of charge everywhere: in a large city and in a small town. Keeping abreast of events is the right of every citizen of our country. Upon completion of the construction of the digital TV network, 20 TV channels in digital quality will be available to at least 98% of the population of Russia.

RTRS specialists are building a digital network in every corner of Russia. Work is often complicated by weather conditions, difficult transport accessibility, and even lack of infrastructure. For the construction of some broadcasting stations, it is necessary to specially lay power lines and even build roads.

From Kaliningrad to Kamchatka

Today, the situation with the availability of television is changing dramatically. For 130 million Russians, digital terrestrial television is already a reality. You just need to install a decimeter antenna and buy a digital set-top box for an analog TV.

The broadcasting network of the RTRS-1 digital TV channel package covers almost 90% of the Russian population in 84 regions. The package of digital TV channels RTRS-2 can be watched by more than 57% of the population in 82 regions of Russia. The entire digital broadcasting network of the first multiplex was built in 37 regions of Russia. And before the end of the year, RTRS plans to complete construction in six more: Kabardino-Balkaria, Khakassia, Nizhny Novgorod, Sakhalin, Chelyabinsk regions and the Stavropol Territory.

In addition, it is planned to launch regional versions of the first multiplex in each region of Russia. Local programs will appear on the TV channels "Russia 1" and "Russia 24". Today regional news in digital multiplex already watched in two regions of Russia - in the Samara and Volgograd regions.

20 TV channels - that's our minimum

In accordance with the state program, RTRS is deploying broadcasting networks for two packages of digital TV channels. It is 20 TV channels of two multiplexes - the very minimum that should be provided by the state for its citizens.

As Deputy Minister of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation Alexei Volin said, these 20 channels (the first and second multiplexes) should be present in all environments, regardless of how a person receives TV programs: on a house antenna or on an individual one, using cable networks or a satellite operator .

Recently adopted amendments to the law "On Mass Media" and "On Communications" oblige all telecom operators to broadcast mandatory public TV channels, which are part of the digital packages RTRS without requiring any payment from its subscribers. Is it a lot or a little? A sociological study conducted by the Knowledge Management Center LLC in 2014 showed that the audience repertoire for 95% of the audience does not exceed 17 channels. At the same time, each person on a regular basis watches only 6-7 channels on average. In the vast majority of cases, these are channels that are part of two multiplexes.

Analog broadcast continues

Despite the prevalence of digital terrestrial television, analogue broadcasting will continue as long as there is a need for it among viewers and broadcasters. Until 2019, all-Russian mandatory public channels will receive a state subsidy for the distribution of an analog signal in cities with a population of less than 100,000 people.

In 2006, Russia signed the Geneva-06 international agreement on digital television. In accordance with it, on June 17 this year, in the countries that ratified the agreement, the priority in broadcasting moved from analogue to digital television. The legal protection was removed from the transmitters of analog TV channels: they could not interfere with the digital terrestrial TV signal of foreign broadcasters.

Upon completion of the construction of a digital television network, 20 TV channels in digital quality will be available to at least 98% of the population of Russia

In order to preserve analog broadcasting in the border regions of Russia, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Main Radio Frequency Center" has selected new broadcast frequencies for analog transmitters that are not compatible with digital frequency assignments of foreign countries bordering Russia. And RTRS during June carried out large-scale work to transfer dozens of transmitters to new frequencies in order to guarantee uninterrupted analog broadcasting to Russian viewers after the entry into force of the norms of the international agreement "Geneva-06".

The digital infrastructure of RTRS is one of the most technologically advanced in the world. It allows the introduction of new modern views teleservices. In particular, in five years, Russians will be able to watch television in standard high definition. Again, absolutely free. According to the Decree of the President of Russia, free digital terrestrial television in HD format should appear in Russia in 2021. RTRS is already conducting preparatory work to organize HDTV pilot zones in a number of large Russian cities. In the future, RTRS plans to start developing UHDTV, that is, ultra-high definition television.

The information and explanatory campaign is carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation.

About "figure" in numbers

• Residents of Kursk were the first to watch digital terrestrial television. "Digit" was turned on there on June 26, 2009 at 13:00
• The federal target program for the development of television and radio broadcasting is 686 thousand volumes (120 tons) of developed documentation and 300 thousand various certificates and approvals
• The total height of the antenna-mast structures of all digital broadcasting facilities is 258 kilometers
• The highest TV tower of RTRS and concurrently the tallest building in Europe is Ostankino. Its height is 540 meters 80% of the installed equipment of domestic production

Composition of rtrs-1 and rtrs-2 multiplexes

The first multiplex was formed from 10 all-Russian obligatory public TV channels, determined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation. These are Channel One, Russia 1, Russia 2, NTV, Petersburg-5 Channel, Russia K, Russia 24, Karusel, Public Television of Russia and TV Center.

The second multiplex includes 10 popular TV channels that have passed the competitive selection of the Federal Competition Commission for Television and Radio Broadcasting. The RTRS-2 multiplex includes the REN TV, Spas, STS, Domashny, TV-3, NTV Plus Sport, Zvezda, Mir, TNT and Muz TV channels.

All digital TV channels are broadcast in the public domain and without a subscription fee.

DVB-T2 standard

All digital TV channels are broadcast in the DVB-T2 standard. This is the second generation of the European digital broadcasting standard. Among its advantages are an increase in the number of channels of the broadcast package, the possibility of organizing regional tie-ins, and the possibility of developing high-definition television.

Connection to digital

Connection to the "digit" does not require special knowledge. All you need is a UHF antenna (collective or individual), a TV with a DVB-T2 tuner, or analog tv to which you want to connect the digital broadcast receiver(prefix).

IN retail There are more than 1000 models of TVs and more than 100 models of set-top boxes on the Russian market that support the DVB-T2 standard in Multiple PLP mode and the MPEG-4 video coding format.

We kindly ask you to be vigilant and make sure when buying a TV or set-top box that they support the DVB-T2 standard!

For questions about how to connect digital terrestrial television, please contact free number single " hotline" 8-800-220-2002 or to the Centers for consulting support of the population on issues of digital terrestrial television, opened by RTRS in the administrative centers of 77 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Attention! Advisory Support Centers do not sell equipment.

The center for consulting support of the population on the issues of connecting digital terrestrial television often receives questions from viewers about the timing of connecting the second multiplex in the south of the Tyumen region.

The Ural-Siberian Regional Center draws the attention of viewers to the fact that RTRS was forced to put a number of already built objects of the second multiplex network into standby mode in connection with the request of the broadcasters. At the initiative of the TV channels included in the second multiplex and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation, adjustments were made to the order of commissioning of broadcasting facilities for the RTRS-2 digital TV channel package. It is assumed that until 2018 RTRS will launch transmitters of the second multiplex in cities with a population of more than 50,000 people. And after 2018, other facilities will be included. The decision to put into operation each transmitter of the second multiplex in a particular locality is taken directly by the broadcasters, i.e. by the owners of the TV channels that are part of the multiplex, and is only performed by RTRS affiliates.

Temporarily suspended broadcast of the RTRS-2 package on the following objects: Armizonskoye, Aromashevo, Berdyugye, Bunkovo, Vikulovo, Zavodoukovsk, Kolesnikovo, Malinovka, Novoberezovka, Shabanovo, Bolshoe Sorokino, Abatskoye, Vagay (Ulyanovka), Isetskoye, Kazanskoye, Krotovo, Nagorny, Nizhnyaya Tavda, Novoaleksandrovka, Sladkovo, Black, Yurginskoye, Yalutorovsk, Yarkovo. Information about the resumption of broadcasting of the second multiplex will be announced later.

Digital terrestrial television - latest technology encoding and transmission of audio and video signals through digital channels. The signal is transmitted in DVB-T2 format, which allows free viewing a large number of TV channels even in the most remote settlements of Russia.

Today, 30 channels are available to residents of Moscow and the region, divided into three multiplexes with 10 programs each.

DVB-T2 digital television channel frequencies

Each of the three multiplexes is tuned to a different frequency. The first multiplex is broadcast at a frequency of 546 MHz, the second - 498 MHz, the third - 578 MHz. So to see all free programs all-wave or decimeter antenna is required, operating in a private range of 470-860 MHz. In the Moscow region, it may be necessary to install an antenna with an amplifier, the capabilities of which make it possible to improve even the most weak signal coming from Ostankino or a repeater tower.

In the event that the antenna is connected to an obsolete TV, you will additionally need an external tuner operating in the DVB-T2 format.

To set up Moscow network programs on a TV, you need to search on channels 24, 30 and 34, the first, second and third multiplexes, respectively.

List of terrestrial television channels for 2019

The first group of programs, approved by decree of the President of Russia, includes federal channels. The second multiplex includes entertaining and informative programs. The third multiplex is broadcast in test mode only from the Ostankino tower (coverage radius up to 100 km), and the list of programs available to free viewing, may change until their final approval.

Logo	Number	Name	Genre	Frequency	Genre	Video Format	Audio Format
First multiplex
	30	First	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Russia 1	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Match	Federal	546 MHz	Sport	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	NTV	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Petersburg 5	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Russia K	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Russia 24	News	546 MHz	News	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Carousel	Children's	546 MHz	Children's	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	OTR	Public Television of Russia	546 MHz	public television	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	TV Center	Federal	546 MHz	Federal	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Vesti FM	Radio	546 MHz	Radio	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Lighthouse	Radio	546 MHz	Radio	MPEG4	MPEG2
	30	Radio Russia	Radio	546 MHz	Radio	MPEG4	MPEG2
Second multiplex
	24	REN TV	Federal	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	SAVED	Religion	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	STS	Entertaining	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Home	Entertaining	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	TV3	Entertaining	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Friday	Entertaining	498MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Star	Historical	498MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	WORLD	CIS channel	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	TNT	Movies	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
	24	Muz TV	Music	498 MHz	3/4	MPEG4	MPEG2
Third multiplex (channels are broadcast according to the schedule)
	34	Sport 1	Sport	578 MHz	around the clock	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Sports 2	Sport	578 MHz	00:00-06:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Fight club	Sport	578 MHz	06:00-12:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	My planet	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	12:00-18:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Science 2.0	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	18:00-00:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Russian novel	Movies	578 MHz	00:00-05:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Russian bestseller	Movies	578 MHz	05:00-10:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Russian detective	Movies	578 MHz	10:00-15:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Story	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	15:00 - 20:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	cartoon	Children's	578 MHz	20:00-00:00 (35 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Sundress	Various	578 MHz	00:00-12:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	A country	Various	578 MHz	12:00-00:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	living planet	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	00:00-06:00 (42 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	IQ HD	Informational	578 MHz	06:00-09:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	24 Doc	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	09:00-12:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Techno 24	Scientific and educational	578 MHz	12:00-15:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Mother	TV channel for mothers and children	578 MHz	15:00-18:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	NST	Movies	578 MHz	18:00-21:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Amusement park	Entertaining	578 MHz	21:00-00:00 (21 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Moscow trust	Informational	578 MHz	00:00-12:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	euronews	News	578 MHz	12:00-00:00 (84 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Music of the first	Music	578 MHz	08:30-01:30 (119 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Home Cinema	Movies	578 MHz	01:30-02:30 (7 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Time	News	578 MHz	02:30-04:30 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	telecafe	Entertaining	578 MHz	04:30-06:30 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Beaver	Entertaining	578 MHz	06:30-08:30 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	365	Informational	578 MHz	00:00-02:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	TNT Comedy	Entertaining	578 MHz	02:00-04:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Lots of TV	Movies	578 MHz	04:00-06:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	HD Life (SD quality)	Entertaining	578 MHz	06:00-08:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Sport 1	Various	578 MHz	08:00-10:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	India TV	Movies	578 MHz	10:00-12:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Fighter	Sport	578 MHz	12:00-14:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Comedy	Movies	578 MHz	14:00-16:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	La Minor	Music	578 MHz	16:00-18:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Male cinema	Movies	578 MHz	18:00-20:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	kitchen tv	Entertaining	578 MHz	20:00-22:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	Auto Plus	Entertaining	578 MHz	22:00-00:00 (14 hours/week)	MPEG4	MPEG2
	34	life news	News	578 MHz	around the clock	MPEG4	MPEG2

List of on-air analog channels Moscow and the region

Currently, 19 television channels are broadcast from Ostankino in analog format. In the future, with a full transition to digital broadcasting, these channels will be disabled.

After the appearance digital television many users wanted to switch to his reception. It's not just about frequent discussions and the desire to try something new. Signal quality is an order of magnitude higher, and ease of access increases attractiveness. It is possible to connect digital TV to outdated kinescope models with the help of additional devices, and to modern TVs.

Ways to receive a digital signal

There are several ways to connect a high-quality signal to a TV:

1. Cable TV. Reception is carried out via a common cable. The disadvantage is subscription fee and not universal availability;
2. Satellite television. Signal transmission is carried out through satellites, and reception is carried out using an individual dish. You also need a monthly fee plus the purchase of special equipment;
3. Broadcast television. The digital TV signal is distributed from terrestrial repeaters, you can receive it from an antenna, indoor or outdoor. It's perfect free method watching TV shows in a modern format. It has disadvantages: often a low signal level, the quality of the picture can be affected by the weather, the location of the tower, etc.

The least expensive way is to receive digital television through an antenna installed and configured by the user.

How digital television works

The transmission of picture and sound for digital television is carried out by encoding the video signal and sound over digital channels. Digital encoding differs from analog in immunity to interference (external obstacles). A blurry, fuzzy picture, stripes are impossible here. The image is either clear or completely absent.

If the reception is uncertain, then perhaps the picture will break up into squares, disappear and reappear from time to time. It depends on how you set up the antenna. Alternatively, you can install a different antenna or raise and deploy the existing one, pointing at the TV tower.

Required viewing equipment

1. Antenna;
2. A separate set-top box with a DVB T2 tuner that supports the MPEG 4 standard and can operate in Multiple PLP mode.

Antenna can be used conventional analog. If the TV was released relatively recently, then it may have a built-in tuner of the desired format (the outdated DVB T format is no longer supported). Then you don't need to buy anything else.

To find out if there is a built-in DVB T2 tuner, you can look at the data in the data sheet. It is even easier to find a TV model on the Internet and get a comprehensive answer.

Selecting a digital tuner

At first glance, all TV boxes are the same. The main thing is not to make mistakes in the main technical specifications. But there are other features that affect further work equipment and breadth of functions covered:

1. The absence of buttons on the external panel of the set-top box will oblige you to use it only with the remote control, which is not always convenient;
2. If the tuner does not have a USB port, this technique cannot be used as a media player. If available, you can record TV shows and play photos, videos.

Important! A good choice is a set-top box with a separate power supply. It is usually built in. The most common cause of tuner failure is a power supply failure. If it breaks, you need to repair or replace the entire prefix, and the remote power supply must be replaced separately without problems.

Many hang the TV on the wall, and quite high. Then it is inconvenient to use the usual design of the prefix. There are equipment modifications - compact set-top boxes that are attached to the back of the TV with adhesive tape. The strength of the attachment must be considered. Such a receiver is controlled by a remote control through a separate sensor attached to the same adhesive tape on the outer panel of the TV. Power comes from the TV's USB port.

The set-top box can also be used in conjunction with a computer monitor (if there is an HDMI port). Then you can watch digital TV from a conventional antenna. If the built-in TV tuner fails, it can be easily replaced using the receiver.

What channels are available to watch

To watch free digital channels through a conventional antenna, the 2017 list contains two multiplexes:

• the first RTRS 1 - frequency 546 MHz, channel 30;
• the second RTRS 2 - frequency 498 MHz, channel 24.

Technical data are valid for Moscow and the region. They may differ in other regions. A total of twenty television channels and 3 more radio programs are available.

Important! TV does not pick up additional channels. Antenna tuning will not affect the number of received channels, but only their quality.

How to locate a TV tower

Users living in the city, in the signal reception area from the TV tower, are not puzzled by such questions. But for the inhabitants of remote towns and villages, the information is relevant. What knowledge is needed to best choice And correct setting antennas:

1. The exact location of the tower and the distance to it;
2. Technical parameters (channels and broadcast frequencies), using which you can catch digital signal in this locality. This is necessary for the user to manually tune TV channels on the set-top box;
3. Is the entire list of channels available for reception. There may be one or two packages.

Full information about the TV towers is on the official website of RTRS. There are maps where you need to enter the name of a particular settlement in the search bar. A map of the area will immediately open, on which all transmitting TV towers are indicated (green - operating, black - under construction). If you click on the cursor hovering over the selected village, information will be available on where and for how many kilometers operating transmitters are installed, channel numbers (TVK), broadcasting frequency, number of packages).

The active menu includes a function that allows you to find out the coverage areas of individual repeaters.

Now, armed with knowledge, it is necessary to determine whether it is enough to install an indoor antenna or whether an outdoor, more powerful one is required.

Antenna types

The analog signal is received at the MV antenna. DVB Antennas are more compact. There are combined samples capable of receiving both ranges. From such a combined design, one can remove unnecessary elements, and you get an excellent UHF antenna. For example, if there is a long whisker (an element for the MV signal), they can be removed.

All antennas are divided into:

• active;
• passive.

Active devices are those in which amplifiers are used. The antenna with the amplifier must be connected to a power source. If a receiver is used, the 5V power for the amplifier is supplied through it. This is done in the menu settings. The option is called Antenna Power.

An amplifier does not always mean better reception, in some cases it will even hurt:

1. In the area next to the TV tower, turning on the amplifier can lead to the complete disappearance of reception due to too strong a signal;
2. The amplifier is the weakest element of the antenna, often failing. Plus a power supply and additional wires, which also require repair and replacement;
3. The intensity of the TV signal itself is provided by the design of the antenna. And the amplifier in parallel increases the level of noise and interference;
4. If you want to connect another TV to a passive antenna, this is easier to do.

Passive structures do not have additional amplification, they are usually used in areas with a stable signal.

Antenna selection and installation

An old antenna may be suitable for receiving a digital signal if it consists of short elements or combined. If there are working serviceable antennas, it remains only to find out whether they will effectively catch the "figure" in local conditions.

The decimeter signal does not have an extensive coverage area. Therefore, for its distribution, it is necessary to build a network of transmitters. The surrounding landscape, the presence of high-rise buildings, mountains, forests, the power of the repeater greatly affect the quality of the signal. Antenna installation must take into account all these factors.

Reception zone

A stable and reliable signal zone is an area within a radius of no more than 10 km from the television tower. Here is a simple indoor antenna handle the reception well. If you have an amplifier, you can not use it.

If the signal disappears, the image breaks, then you need to connect the existing amplifier through the set-top box, using the appropriate menu item. Power will be supplied via the antenna cable.

Multi-story buildings can become a problem due to the reflection of decimeter waves. But the same reflection can be used. Let's say the antenna does not catch when it is oriented towards the TV tower. Point it at nearby tall buildings, the reception of the reflected signal will probably be much more effective.

It is necessary to check the presence of electrical appliances near the room antenna (third-party power supplies, etc.), as well as metal blinds on the windows. They can significantly weaken the signal.

Short circuit

There are times when the set-top box suddenly stopped responding to the use of the remote control, buttons, the image and sound disappear, and “Antenna short” is displayed on the screen. The problem does not mean that digital television does not work. There is simply a short circuit in the antenna cable or in the receiving device itself.

Why did the closure happen? There may be several reasons:

1. The presence of a short circuit in the cable associated with careless installation, in all likelihood, at the connection points. The antenna plug can only be damaged by manufacturing defects;
2. The active receiver is in operation, power is supplied to the amplifier. The amplifier is sensitive to lightning and can be damaged during bad weather;
3. A passive antenna is connected, and the power to the amplifier is turned on in the receiver's menu. Passive devices are often short-circuited.

In the latter case, you need to disconnect the receiver from the network, separate the antenna from it, then turn on the power again, on the connected tuner, in the menu settings, turn "Antenna Power" to the "Off" position.

Important! Finding and eliminating causes short circuit made after the attachment is separated from the mains.

Remote area from TV tower

Distance is considered to be more than 30 kilometers from the repeater. With a powerful transmitter and direct visibility, we install a small receiving device such as a wave channel or a log-periodic one. You need to direct the antenna to the TV tower. In such conditions, it is even possible to use an indoor unit with an amplifier.

With increasing distance and when a settlement is located in low places, the requirements for the antenna increase. More powerful samples are needed. A good receiving device necessarily includes an amplifier, and its arrow is long enough. There are samples with several arrows, but they will only be needed under extremely poor conditions.

Many users have a Polish antenna, since in the recent past it was popular because of its affordable cost. Its other name is the lattice. Can this design be adapted for digital television?

It is quite functional, but some changes are required. The antenna amplifier does not contribute, but interferes with signal reception. Therefore, it must be taken out of work. Simply disconnecting the power supply is often ineffective. It is more reliable to dismantle the television cable on the amplifier board and connect it there to the two upper bolts: to one - the central core, to the other - the shielding braid. Thus, the amplifier is excluded from the circuit, and the antenna becomes passive.

Antenna and TV setup

There are several ways to properly set up a digital signal. The choice depends on the conditions of admission.

Auto search

This method is the easiest, but it requires a strong stable signal. The equipment is installed, switched on, in the settings menu are selected digital channels, and auto search is enabled. TV in automatic mode finds and saves the entire list of channels.

Manual mode

Suppose, in the auto-search mode, the TV cannot catch anything. Or found channels with interference. These pictures are not digital. Perhaps the TV went through the whole frequency range and caught a few analog channels.

Now it will be useful to know the numbers of TV channels (TVK), through which the signal is transmitted for each multiplex. Information about the location of the TV transmitter will also come in handy to direct the antenna in the right direction. If the house is surrounded by other residential buildings, you can navigate by neighboring receivers, but not by satellite dishes that "look" at their satellite.

1. The menu must be entered manual setting, after selecting DTV (digital television);
2. Enter the channel number or its frequency by typing from the remote control;
3. Two indicators will appear at the bottom of the menu, displaying the intensity of the television signal and its quality. Sometimes there is one indicator;
4. In the presence of even a slight signal, you can begin to turn and move the antenna in order to achieve its amplification. An instant reaction when changing the position of the receiving device is not worth waiting for. It will show up in a few seconds. The search should be carried out stepwise, with pauses. When the antenna is outdoor, it is difficult to do it alone, it is better to take an assistant;
5. Immediately after the appearance of a stable signal with good level you can start searching for channels and saving;
6. Channels of the second multiplex are tuned in the same way, if its reception is technically possible in the given area.

Important! If the signal disappears, then reappears with the scale filled to 100%, and this continues in turn, this means that there is no reception.

Complete lack of signal reception

This situation is typical for particularly unfavorable conditions, in low places, closed by mountains, next to high-rise buildings, with low-power towers located far away.

The search for a TV signal must be manual. At the same time, for its primary display on the indicators, you need to show patience and endurance, having tried different methods:

1. Purchase a powerful active antenna;
2. If there are other towers nearby, you can sometimes try manual search on a TV set to alternate repeaters. Perhaps the signal passing conditions will be better;
3. A good effect is to raise the antenna to a height using a mast;
4. When the TV tower is located close, and the house is located in the center of a densely built-up high-rise area, one should not rush to buy an expensive powerful receiving device. It is better to experiment with the reflected signal by alternately directing the antenna in different directions to neighboring buildings or placing it on the roof.

Tuning via receiver

Old TVs, models without built-in tuners with DVB T2 support, require tuning through the receiver.

CRT TVs are connected to digital set-top box cinch cables (RCA), LCD models - HDMI cable. In the first case, the AV mode is selected during setup, in the second, HDMI. The mode is selected from the TV remote control. On the remotes, the mode selection is located under different buttons: INPUT, SOURCE, VIDEO, just a rectangle with an arrow.

Subsequent setting is carried out using auto-search or manually using the set-top box. The antenna must be connected to the set-top box.

Receiving a digital television signal on a conventional antenna is an easy way to provide yourself with a high-quality picture that requires minimal financial costs and physical effort. With the development of the network of TV towers, the signal reception conditions will improve.

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