How to catch 3 multiplex digital TV. Terrestrial television channels

Summer 2019 in Russian Federation analog TV broadcasting stopped. It was replaced by more modern digital terrestrial television. Let's analyze how the audio and video encoding and transmission technology works, which allows you to watch several dozen channels even in the most inaccessible corners of the country, consider what DTV frequencies are and how to configure them.

Channel Multiplexing

A multiplex is usually called television and radio channels combined into a single digital block. These TV and radio channels are mixed (multiplexed) and transmitted via a special transport stream. On the receiving device digital set-top box, digital tuner built into the TV) they are separated (demultiplexed).

In the case of digital multi-channel television, transmission is carried out on a single frequency. The package may include channels of different formats and quality (SD, HD, 3D). They are formed by various sources (TV and radio companies, operators, providers, etc.), while broadcasting streams, subtitles, teletext, TV guide, etc. are transmitted.

Digital broadcasting frequencies in the Russian Federation

Two multiplexed streams are already operating on the territory of the Russian Federation, the third multiplex is being prepared for launch. Each of the packages is assigned a certain frequency in the decimeter wave range. The technology eliminates the intersection of different streams of an adjacent wave to prevent mutual influence.

The quality of DTV broadcasting remains at the highest level, regardless of factors such as:

• solar Activity;
• precipitation and other weather conditions;
• temperature;
• humidity;
• time of day and year.

First multiplex (RTRS-1)

Mandatory package with all-Russian, public, free television and radio resources. Content designed to provide the population with socially significant information was approved by the President of the Russian Federation in the summer of 2009.

According to technical plan, the first block has the following parameters:

• transmission is carried out on decimeter waves 470-862 MHz;
• broadcasting standard - DVB-T2;
• there is no encryption;
• broadcast format - SDTV.

Depending on the location of the area, the first multiplex may be broadcast on one of the above frequencies. For example, in the Moscow region - this is 546 MHz.

List of channels of the first digital package:

• First;
• Russia;
• Match;
• culture;
• Channel 5;
• Russia 24;
• Carousel;

Second multiplex (RTRS-2)

A block with all-Russian and public television and radio resources, the distribution of which on a free basis depends on the operator. Channels of the second package can be provided, including via paid subscription.

Second digital package has similar to the first multiplex specifications. In the Moscow region, for example, it is broadcast on a wave with a frequency of 498 MHz.

List of channels approved by Roskomnadzor:

• Ren TV;
• Saved;
• Home;
• TV-3;
• Friday;
• Star;
• Muz TV.

Third multiplex (RTRS-3)

The launch was announced in 2020. In some regions, the list has already been approved, but in the whole country with RTRS-3 there are many ambiguities, for example, which channels and which companies will be included in it, whether they will all become paid or certain content will be distributed free of charge, allocated frequencies for transmission, etc. P.

Possible channel list:

• My planet;
• Cartoon;
• Russian bestseller;
• A country;
• Sundress;
• Confidence;
• Amusement park;
• The science;
• Disney;
• Kitchen TV.

DVB-T2 digital channel frequencies

On the territory of Russia, on-air digital television operates on channels 21 - 69, in the operating frequency band from 470 to 862 MHz. The stream width is 8 MHz and theoretically the latter contains 48 channels or a similar number of multiplexes.

Digital television frequencies may vary depending on the region and the number of towers in a particular area. For example, in the Tula region, these are 24 transmission centers covering almost 100% of the territory and using different transmission frequencies.

Setting up the TV or for a single stream is carried out according to the map of the DTV coverage area of ​​your region. This is done by entering the appropriate frequency or channel in the mode manual search.

Frequencies of digital TV channels:

Find out the channel frequencies for watching digital television in your region, coverage and multiplex support on the rtrs.ru resource. When you go to the site, you will automatically be transferred to your native region. Also available here is another actual information about terrestrial digital television in the area of ​​your residence.

Connection and setup

Connecting and setting up digital television does not require special knowledge and skills. If you are using a modern TV, most likely it already has a built-in digital tuner, but if your TV is an outdated model, you will have to purchase a DVB-T2 set-top box. In addition to any connection option, an antenna operating in the UHF range is required.

Connecting a TV with built-in tuner

In most models modern TVs DVB-T2 digital receiver is already integrated. You can get exact information about this from the user manual for your TV. Connecting a TV with a built-in tuner consists of the following steps:

Connecting a digital set-top box to a TV without a tuner

In obsolete television receivers integrated digital module DVB-T2 is not available. For this reason, you will need an external digital set-top box. Among many brands of this type equipment most popular:

• D-color;
• Lumax;
• iconbit.

The cost of the set-top box varies from 1 to 5 thousand rubles, depending on the presence or absence of additional features. To connect to an old TV, any DVB-T2 receiver with an RCA output (“tulips”) is suitable.

Connection instructions:

Hardware setup

Setting up digital television comes down mainly to searching and editing channels. Both in a set-top box and in a TV with an integrated DVB-T2 module, this is easiest to do in automatic mode. Setting instructions:

Analog terrestrial TV is a thing of the past. On the territory of Russia, two digital multiplex with 20 television and 3 radio channels broadcasting at frequencies of 470-820 MHz. They can be received on any TV with a built-in or external module DVB-T2.

Alexey Volin, Deputy Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation.

Full transcript of the speech addressed to pay TV operators at the Annual Conference of Cable Operators in Sochi on September 6, 2018:

Good afternoon. If we talk about what our industry is interested in today, then, of course, the main thing is the completion of the transition to digital in the next few months.

What does this mean for those in this room.

Firstly, by the end of the year, 2 multiplexes will work throughout the country.

If today up to 65% of our citizens can receive 20 television channels on the air for free, then by the end of this year they will already be 98.5%.

That is, there will be more freebies, and this is a serious test for pay TV, because it means that it’s not enough to give just a set of channels - you need to give interesting content.

Digital broadcasting

Secondly, at the beginning of January 2019, analog broadcasting of federal TV channels will be turned off in settlements with a population of less than 100,000 people, and I think that during 2019, federal channels will turn off analog completely.

This means that our citizens will all switch to digital means of reception, whether it be a digital TV or a set-top box for digital TV, and get used to a good picture, because everyone will have SD as a base picture, and everything that is not SD, of course, will begin to annoy.

This means that pay TV (because SD will be in free format) is already lower than High Definition, it will not work for sure.

3 multiplex

It's very interesting that with regards to 3 multiplex calls, we never hear predictions from you about how 3 multiplex will affect the pay TV industry, because we have never seen predictions of what will happen, from your point of view, if in free access there will be not 20, but 30 TV channels, or 20 SD and 3 HD.

How it will affect the industry, how it will affect pay TV.

So far, I can say that we do not believe that the 3rd multiplex may be relevant within the next year, but we clearly understand that after they are launched in full and stand on the wing of the 1st and 2nd multiplex, at the end of 2019 the question will inevitably arise about what to do next with regional television.

… And here it would be nice for us from the Pay TV industry to receive your forecasts, taking into account, among other things, the study of the experience of Crimea, where three multiplexes operate, and Tatarstan, where the old multiplex also exists in parallel, where more than 20 television channels are in the terrestrial high-quality format .

Because sooner or later this moment will come, and then I would like the industry to have a position on it.

Regional TV channels

IN big cities they are in the cable, here they are your clients.

Where there is no cable, the transition to digital for them is only a satellite. But not everyone can get there, because it is expensive and because there is not enough capacity for everyone.

But we see that in some regions regional TV channels want to watch. There is a demand for them, and regional TV channels have a great desire to reach their viewers outside the cable, and everything will be very simple here: if there is a demand, then sooner or later someone will satisfy this demand.

The only question is whether this will be done with the current pay-TV industry or in spite of it.

If this is done contrary to other players, these players will eat away their piece of your business, which we would not like, because we work with you, we are used to you and generally treat you well.

22 button

Also one of the issues, as you know, is being actively lobbied.

We are still against it, but the regional TV channels and the All-Russian People's Front, and many deputies are in favor.

From the pay-TV industry, from the cable companies so far, absolute silence, […] your channels, but given that you are silent and do not work with anyone, we can only assume that you do not care much about this issue.

So for the industry 22 button is not fatal.

The 22nd button does not apply to satellite television operators, just as the 21st does not apply, because this is purely a problem for cable companies.

Regional television still runs entirely on cable operators. By the way, this will continue.

Must Carry

As you remember, we once agreed that 2 multiplexes are included in must carry, that is, there are 20 channels in must carry.

But we prescribe in the law that it is necessary to do so that it would be impossible to watch them completely free of charge, because they are included in basic package for subscribers, and a subscriber is a person who pays for a technical service.

That is, we guarantee the minimum ARPU (average monthly bill of a pay TV subscriber). I want to say that we stand on this position.

We do not refuse it and we will continue to stand on it. Everything is clear here.

We see that the battle for ARPU is going hard, that the competition here is very high, it is growing, that the ideas of BigTV and OTT are being raised, this process is very natural, it is impossible to stop it.

At the same time, competition is growing.

I want to thank our big satellite TV operators.

Last year they completely covered the Far East with their broadcasting area.

In some regions of the Far East, due to the appearance a large number players contract price fell 3 times.

Just the beneficial effect of competition. Therefore, we are grateful to you for socially responsible behavior.

People liked it, people welcome it. It would also be great if the industry made money on this.

I know that satellite TV operators have come here.

Today we have a separate meeting by satellite, but some things, probably, need to be discussed, including in front of everyone, because it concerns everyone.

I want to start by remembering that digital terrestrial television today does not cover all of our cities, we have coverage 98,5 % .

800 thousand families live today out of digital reach.

But reaching out to them satellite television, that is, the figure is theoretically available to them.

At the same time, we have a federal standard that provides that any citizen of the Russian Federation should be able to watch 20 television channels in digital quality for free.

The important thing here is to be able to see them.

A couple of years ago, we planned to solve this issue with the help of RTRS, we have there was a plan to create a state satellite operator on the basis of RTRS, which would have launched 20 federal TV channels for free in uncoded form.

But just the satellite television operators told us: “We don’t need to do this, it will negatively affect our business, we ourselves will voluntarily bring these 20 television channels to the population.”

As a result, we received letters from Tricolor and NTV-Plus, where it was written in Russian in black and white:
« 1. We are ready to supply residents of areas outside the broadcasting area with a set at a reduced price.
And 2. We will not take money for 20 channels. None».

Then the idea came up to enshrine this agreement in law - including, by the way, in connection with the appeal of satellite television operators, because they had two problems.

Problem 1: there was a threat that the tax office with a 0 contract would say that either profit was lost, or about hiding income.

And 2: that a long-term encumbrance on a free obligation to subscribers negatively affects the company's capitalization.

We, as honest people, warned our partners that such a bill would be developed, but when we posted it for public discussion, we saw an unexpectedly sharp reaction from some companies.

What are they telling us? There are, in fact, 5 claims.

Claim 1: We are told that the business will incur additional costs.

Complaint 2: There are concerns that operators will be required to include free package regional TV channels to satellite.

3: that it will be impossible to provide everyone in such a short time in many ways.

Claim 4: that those who live outside the coverage area, and previously bought plates, are now paying, but they will stop paying.

And 5: a general philosophical remark that the state has shifted its function to business, which is not found anywhere else in the world.

Well, I would like to publicly answer these 5 questions, which were also asked publicly, because the appeals of the operators were published in the media.

1. I do not quite understand where the additional costs come from, if the existing capacities are still used, and you do not need any additional transponder or channel.

2. Regarding regional TV channels: no one has ever obliged satellite operators turn on regional television channels to yourself, and you don’t need to scare yourself and others with something that doesn’t exist, otherwise we invent it for ourselves, and then we get scared ourselves.

3, regarding the difficulty of mastering all 800,000 households that are outside the reception area.

Well we have today up to 16 million satellite TV subscribers, and 800 thousand is about 5%.

Growth by 5% is by no means a big leap, not to mention the fact that out of these 800,000, 200,000 already have satellite dishes, therefore, in general, we are talking about a smaller amount.

As for the fear that those who live outside the zone have bought plates, are now paying and will stop paying - we hear this fear and are ready to discuss the model and what right to free view will have persons who have bought a special set of equipment.

That is, if people want to switch (those who now have equipment and pay) to a free package, so that they have the need and obligation to buy a new kit, new hardware, and, accordingly, already have a free contract ...

… Although we believe that there is a small element of redneck in this move, because he paid for the iron full program.

And 5, regarding the fact that the state is trying to shift its function to business.

The state can take over this function, because the costs are not very large, Pinchuk and I (RTRS) considered that the money is lifting - even nothing will need to be given from the budget.

This means then that we are creating a satellite television operator on the basis of RTRS, launching 20 television channels in unencrypted form.

Only I am afraid that next year there will be only one RTRS out of all satellite operators in this hall.

We will carry flowers to the grave for the rest.

(applause in the audience)

But we do not refuse dialogue, and today at noon we will meet and talk.

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The third digital television multiplex in Russia in its original version assumed the presence of one HD channel, one regional channel from the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company and regional channels belonging to different regions.

Broadcasting of the third multiplex will be carried out by FSUE RTRS in the DVB-T2 standard throughout Russia on the principles approved by the meeting of the Government Commission for the Development of Television and Radio Broadcasting on December 17, 2010. The third multiplex is formed from:

• from 4 regional TV channels in standard definition format (SDTV)
• one federal all-Russian TV channel in high definition format (HDTV).

The channels were to be determined on a competitive basis. Regional TV and radio companies participating in the competition may attract federal TV and radio broadcasting organizations that are not included in the network as network partners.

Basic principles for selecting channels for the third multiplex:

• round the clock broadcasting;
• broadcasting concept;
• more programs available own production and/or purchased programs;
• degree of interest in the TV channel;
• the financial position of the company;
• availability of active broadcasting in the analog standard;
• the social significance of the channel.

However, now, the concept has changed and the third digital television multiplex in Russia will include channels that could not enter the first two. So, the following channels can apply for membership in the third multiplex: Dozhd, Russia Today, Friday, 2×2 and others. The final decision on the third multiplex will be made by a government commission.

At the SPEKTR-2013 conference, details about the third digital television multiplex were announced. According to a representative of the RTRS, the third multiplex will be predominantly federal. The preliminary plan for its composition is 10 channels of standard definition (SD), 7-8 federal, 1-2 regional and one channel will be transferred to VGTRK. High-definition (HD) channels are not planned in the third digital TV multiplex in Russia.

So far, one channel has been determined, which will enter the third multiplex. It will be created by the branches of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company for each specific subject of the Russian Federation. The TV channel will be formed under a single brand and comply with the information policy of VGTRK. In regions where there are no large branches of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise VGTRK or there is no possibility to form a channel by the VGTRK, local regional TV channels can be involved in broadcasting.

It is not yet clear when the third multiplex will be launched, but according to the announced plan of the Russian government on the transition to digital television, its launch should take place before the end of 2015.

On this stage development of digital terrestrial TV 3 multiplex is already broadcasting in Moscow

It includes the first and second all-Russian channels broadcasting in the standard high definition HDTV, as well as channels: RU TV, CTC love, RBC, Moscow 24, and two local channels.

Digital TV is a range of technologies that allows the transmission of an encoded video signal over a long distance. It has many advantages over analog broadcasting:

• The signal is much more stable than analog.
• Best sound and picture quality.
• Possibility to broadcast more TV shows.

Against its backdrop analog television recedes into the background and becomes irrelevant. The main disadvantage of the “numbers” is the need to purchase special equipment for reading the signal. Namely:

• TV that supports dvb t2 technology.
• Antenna for signal reception.
• A special prefix that processes the signal from the antenna and transmits it to the TV.

Of course, it is not necessary to use all the equipment at once. If your TV supports dvb t2, then it will be enough to buy only an antenna. However, even the minimum required for work is quite expensive.

A multiplex is a set of certain channels transmitted over one frequency using digital television technologies in the dvb t2 format. There are 2 multiplexes in Russia, and the third multiplex, so far, only works in Moscow and the region.

First and second multiplexes

The first package operates throughout Russia. These are basic free TV channels for digital users. These include:

• "First"
• "Russia 1"
• "Match"
• "NTV"
• "Fifth "
• "Russia Culture"
• "Russia 24"
• "Carousel"
• "OTR"
• "TVC"

Not available throughout the Russian Federation. This includes the following programs:

• "Ren"
• "Friday"
• "Saved"
• "STS"
• "TNT"
• "Home"
• "TV3"
• "MUZ"
• "Star"
• "World"

Each year the programs may change depending on the results of the competition held by the authors of the project.

Will there be a third free digital television multiplex?

Will. When it is turned on, it will include both information and entertainment programs. Channels will vary in quality. Some are SD and some are HD. Each region will have its own programs.

3 multiplex release date in 2019

It is not known exactly when the third multiplex will be fully launched. Due to the fact that people still use analog TV, there is not enough space for a new multiplex. Official representatives of the project say that the introduction of a new set of digital television is not an easy and long process. Therefore, it is not known exactly when it will appear. There is still no fixed date.

Problems of the new multiplex

The launch of the third multiplex is temporarily hampered by two problems:

1. Elimination of terrestrial television.
2. Definition with a list of programs.

Broadcasting

Standard analog broadcasting takes up too much air space. There is not enough room for digital.

Many TV channels are switching to digital, but they do not have a single plan. The presence of regional and regional broadcasts greatly slows down the transition process.

List of programs

To get into the list of programs that will be broadcast by the new multiplex, each TV channel must pass the competition, and also comply with very strict limits. In addition to this, each region will have its own list of programs, and this slows down the process even more.

List of TV shows of the third multiplex

As mentioned earlier, the third package of digital TV dvb t2 for each region will be different. However, in Moscow it already operates at a frequency of 578 MHz. It includes 40 different programs:

1. "Science 2.0"
2. "Russian novel"
3. "Sarafan"
4. "365 days"
5. "TNT Comedy"
6. "A lot of"
7. HD Life
8. STV
9. "India"
10. "Fighter"
11. "Amusement park"
12. "Moscow. Confidence"
13. euronews
14. "Sport 1"
15. "Russia 2"
16. "Fight club"
17. "My planet"
18. "Music"
19. "Home Cinema"
20. "Time"
21. "Russian bestseller"
22. "Russian detective"
23. "Story"
24. "Cartoon"
25. "Our football"
26. "A country"
27. "Comedy"
28. "La Minor"
29. "Men's Cinema"
30. "Kitchen"
31. "Auto Plus"
32. life news
33. "Living Planet"
34. IQ HD
35. D.O.C.
36. "Techno"
37. "Mother"
38. "NST"
39. "Telecafe"
40. "Beaver"

All channels except round-the-clock "LifeNews" and "Sport 1" work at a certain time. This is due to the fact that their launch is trial. In Russia, the process of transition from analog to digital is just beginning. Therefore, for now, there is no full-fledged 3rd multiplex.

Channel Selection Criteria

Not every TV channel can enter the 3rd package. Only those who meet the following criteria will be aired:

Work 24/7

A person can turn on the TV at any time early in the morning or late at night. It is beneficial for the authors of the project that a person stays to watch one of the programs. Therefore, round-the-clock work is one of the main criteria.

Demand.

If the TV channel is not in demand, then people watch it a little. Because the number of places on the air is limited, such candidates fade into the background. They have almost no chance of getting on the list.

Multiple gears available

Monotonous programs quickly bore the audience. This leads to loss of views, and therefore money. Because of this, the channel may become unclaimed.

Channel operation on analogue broadcasting

The developers of the 3rd multiplex want to see how the TV channel works. What is his profitability? If everything is in order and he passes the rest of the criteria, then there is every chance to pass.

Third multiplex in Crimea

Before Crimea became part of the Russian Federation, 4 packages of digital TV dvb t2 worked in it. The authorities decided to reduce their number to three. Three multiplexes have been broadcasting in the Republic of Crimea since 2014. The first and second are Russian general TV channels. The third contains regional programs. So, Crimea became the first subject of the Russian Federation, in which a third multiplex appeared.

List of channels in Crimea

In the Republic of Crimea, there are only 7 TV channels that differ in quality:

In SD format:

• "First Crimean"
• "World"
• "Millet"
• "Moscow"

HD format:

• "First Crimean"
• "Crimea"

List of TV channels in Sevastopol

The Sevastopol "figure" differs from the Crimean one. Here, only one program is broadcast with increased image clarity. And unlike Crimea, there are only 8 TV channels here:

In SD format:

• "First Crimean"
• "World"
• "Millet"
• "Crimea"
• "First Sevastopol"
• "Moscow"
• "Information channel of Sevastopol"

HD format:

• "First Crimean"