12.5.1. Basic Commands About current users system is stored in the file /var/run/utmp. If we try to look at its contents, for example, with the cat command, then nothing good will be revealed to our eyes. This log stores data not in text, but in binary form, and

In this lesson, we will begin to study the main menu of the Microsoft browser. Internet Explorer. Here is our main menu. I must say that the main menu is a traditional tool for working with applications. It usually gives full access to all the features of our browser. The main menu of our browser contains the following items. The first is the File item. When you perform a left mouse click here, this set of commands opens with which we work with our file. Next item

Edit. This is where the editing operations of our document are concentrated. Next comes the View menu. With this menu we work with the interface of our browser: we specify the fonts, its appearance and so on.

Favorites. Here we are working with the Chosen One. Service. Using the Tools menu, certain settings of our browser are usually made. And finally, the Help menu. Help commands are concentrated here. If you pay attention, you will notice that a lot of menu commands have so-called underlined characters. If, for example, we now press the Alt button, then many commands will be underlined in certain letters of ours in this way. What does this mean? This means that when you press the combination Alt keys and corresponding letter given command will be executed.

Let's try to do this. First, let's switch to the Russian font and press the Alt and F buttons at the same time. As you have noticed, we have opened the File menu. It was this menu that opened because we pressed the Alt + F hotkey combination. It is F that is underlined here. If we had pressed Alt+P instead of Alt + F, the Edit menu would have opened, which happened. Similarly, pressing Alt + And opens the Favorites menu. Let's move on to the first item on our menu, the File menu. Here it is. In the File position of the main menu, the main operations for working with files are concentrated (we have already told you about this).

The first command available here is the Create command. When you hover the mouse over it, a submenu opens, in which we choose what exactly we want to create. We can create a New Window.

Let's run this command. A second Internet Explorer window opens in front of us. You can see that we now have two Internet Explorer windows active on the Taskbar. Let's close one of them and continue the study. We can create: Message, Contact, Internet Call. Well, the Message command is identical to the command that is called when this button is clicked. Clicked.

A corresponding window appeared, which is called Create a message. We will close it, since we have already worked with this window. Next - Create a contact.

What is Create Contact? This is, in fact, an entry in address book. How this is done, you will learn in the relevant sections of our course. Next - Call via the Internet. With this command, we call the subscriber for a teleconference. What is a teleconference, you will also learn later. You will learn how to use with the program that is now launched. This team is called NetMeeting. With this program you can communicate with other Internet users.

We'll close this window for now, but you just remember that NetMeeting starts with this Create Internet Call command. Now let's move on to the next command, which is called Open. This command opens a search window for the desired file or address. Let's execute this command. Here we are prompted to enter the address of a document or folder on the Internet. We can enter the address right here.

The Microsoft Office 2007 package includes a powerful tool for creating promotional materials - the Microsoft Publisher 2007 program. We will get acquainted with it in this chapter.

MULTIMEDIA COURSE

The basic techniques and methods of working with Publisher 2007 are clearly demonstrated in the video lectures of the chapter "Microsoft Office Publisher 2007".

To start Publisher 2007, run the command Start > All programs > Microsoft Office > Microsoft Office Publisher 2007. User interface application, which is opened by default when it is launched, is shown in Fig. 7.1.

Rice. 7.1. Publisher 2007 program

On the left side of the window, you see a list of popular post types. They are also presented in the central part of the interface, but in the form of folders. When you select the type of publication (whether in the list or by opening the corresponding folder), the central part of the window displays a list of available layouts, on the basis of which publications are created. For example, for the post type Business Cards three different layout collections can be used: Modern layouts, Classic Layouts And Blank pages. After selecting the required layout, the transition to the mode of creating and editing a publication is carried out, which we will get acquainted with below.

A characteristic feature of the Publisher 2007 interface compared to other Office 2007 applications is that its structure has not undergone such significant changes. In particular, at the top of the program window there is not a ribbon with tabs, but the usual main menu, which is familiar to any user of Windows applications. The main menu commands, as usual, are designed to switch to different operating modes and access certain tools. Let's briefly consider the purpose of the main menus and commands included in the main menu of the program.

Menu commands File designed to work with files. To create a new file, run the command File > Create Ctrl+N. A new window will open (see Figure 7.1), from which you can switch to the publication creation mode.

To open a previously created publication, run the command File > Open or press the key combination Ctrl+O. As a result, a window will open in which, according to the usual Windows rules, specify the path to the publication file.

Publisher 2007 introduces the ability to import a Word file and convert it to a publication file. To do this, run the command File > Importing a Word document and in the window that opens, specify the path to the required file. In the future, you will work with this file no longer as a Word document, but as a publication file.

To save changes to the current publication, run the command File > Save or press the key combination ctrl+s, and to save the current publication in a separate file, run the command File > Save as. As a result, a window will open in which you need to specify the path to save, as well as the name and type of the file.

To print the current document, execute the menu command File > Seal or press the key combination ctrl+p. A window will open that allows you to make preset print settings. The publication will be sent for printing as soon as you click the button in this window. Seal. To see how the publication will look on a sheet of paper with the currently selected settings, run the command File > Preview.

Menu commands Edit designed to make changes to the current document, undo recent changes, work with the clipboard, search for data, and perform other operations. To copy the selection to the clipboard, run the command Edit > Copy, and to delete the selected fragment to the clipboard - the command Edit > Cut(these commands can be executed by pressing the key combinations respectively ctrl+c And Ctrl+X). To paste the contents of the clipboard, execute the menu command Edit > Insert or press the key combination ctrl+v.

To delete text, object or page, execute menu commands accordingly Edit > Delete text, Edit > Delete object And Edit > Delete Page.

To switch to the search mode, execute the menu command Edit > Search or press the key combination ctrl+f. To find the data and immediately replace it, run the menu command Edit > Replace.

Menu commands View designed to customize the presentation of the data displayed in the window, as well as to control the display of some program tools. menu command View > Two pages You can enable the display of the publication on two pages. Repeated execution of this command returns the publication to its previous form. However, it is advisable to use a two-page presentation in the preparation of far from all publications.

NOTE

Teams Edit > Copy and Edit > Cut are available only if there is a selected text fragment or object in this publication. Command Edit > Paste is only available when there is content on the clipboard.

To display the task pane located on the left side of the interface, execute the menu command View > Task area or press the key combination Ctrl+F1.

Submenu Commands View > Toolbars useful for toggling the display of toolbars on and off. By default, the program includes the following toolbars: Standard, Formatting, Publisher Tasks, Task area, Objects And Link text fields.

If the rulers located on the top and left of the program workspace interfere with you, then turn off their display with the command View > Rulers. Repeated execution of this command will return the rulers to their original place.

Using the commands located in the submenu Scale, select the appropriate display scale for the publication. For small documents (such as business cards), you can turn on the scaling of 200%, while for larger publications, a scaling of 75 or even 50% may be appropriate.

Menu commands Insert are intended for inserting various objects into the publication: pages, pictures, sections, page numbers, hyperlinks, etc. For example, if you want to insert some picture from an external file into the publication, then run the command Insert > Drawing > From file, then in the window that opens, specify the path to the image file and click the button Insert. Similarly, you can insert objects from other external files into your publication.

To quickly number the pages of the current publication, run the command Insert > Page numbers. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.2.

Rice. 7.2. Setting pagination

From the drop down list Position select the location of the page where its number should be, and from the drop-down list alignment– page number alignment method ( Left, right or Centered). Please note that the field alignment available only when any value is selected in the field above, except The current text field. If you want to number the first page as well, check the box Number on the first page and press the button OK.

To quickly duplicate the current page, run the command Insert > Duplicate Page. To quickly insert a new page into a publication, run the command Insert > Page.

Commands for formatting the current publication are in the menu Format.

By executing the command Format > Font, you will enter the font settings mode, where you can specify the font type, size, color, style, and other parameters. The window that opens when this command is executed is in many ways similar to a similar window called in Word.

To switch to the mode for setting the parameters of the current paragraph, execute the command Format > Paragraph. In the window that opens, you can set the required line spacing, text alignment method, red line display, and other settings.

Using the menu command Format > List you will enter the mode for setting the presentation of bulleted and numbered lists. In the window that opens, you can select the type of markers, their location, indent, set the numbering order, and make other settings.

To change the publication background, run the command Format > Background. As a result, a list of publication background design options will be displayed on the left side of the interface (in the task pane). To select a suitable background, just click on its sample.

Many useful commands are also contained in the menu. Service. The first thing to note is the menu command Service > Options, by executing which you will enter the mode of setting the program parameters. By the way, more or less experienced users, when starting the program for the first time, first of all check its settings in order to correct them, if necessary, in accordance with their needs. At the same time, please note that the default settings of the program are optimal for most operations.

MULTIMEDIA COURSE

The video lecture "Menu Format, Service (Part I)" is devoted to the issues of formatting publications.

Advertising materials are subject to special requirements in terms of the absence of grammatical and spelling errors in the text. Publisher 2007 includes automatic spell checking. This is what the main menu command is for. Service > Spelling > Spelling, also called by pressing the key F7. Before checking, it is recommended to review and, if necessary, edit the settings; to switch to the corresponding mode, execute the menu command Service > Spelling > Spell check options.

The printing of promotional materials may also be subject to increased requirements that differ from the standard ones (which we use, for example, in Word, Excel and other applications). To set up professional printing (special colors, etc.), use the commands located in the submenu Service > Professional Printing Tools. With these, you can adjust color printing, font, and registration settings.

Like several other applications in the 2007 Microsoft Office suite, Publisher 2007 includes the ability to use macros. For those who do not know, we recall: a macro is a program written by a user in the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) language and designed to expand the standard capabilities of an application.

To select a macro from among the previously created ones, execute the main menu command Service > Macro > Macros or press the key combination Alt+F8. In the window that opens, in the list of macros, click on the name of the desired macro and click the button Run. To create a new macro, in this window, in the field Macro name enter his name from the keyboard and press the button Create. As a result, the Visual Basic for Applications editor window will open, in which you can perform all the necessary actions for writing a macro.

You can open the Visual Basic for Applications editor in another way - using the menu command Service > Macro > Visual Basic Editor or a key combination Alt+F11.

Publisher 2007 has the ability to automatically correct random errors that occur when entering certain data. It's called "autocorrect"; its meaning lies in the fact that the program will automatically correct the erroneously entered data immediately after pressing the "space" or Enter. To switch to the autocorrect setting mode, execute the main menu command Service > AutoCorrect options. Working in this mode is approximately the same as in Excel 2007 (for more details, see the section “AutoCorrect as a Means of Preventing Typing Errors” in Chapter 3 above).

ATTENTION

The Create button becomes available only after at least one character is entered in the Macro name field.

Menu commands Table designed to quickly create tables. Fundamentally, the order of working with tables looks about the same as in other applications of the Office package, but there are some differences. For example, the table creation window that opens when you run the command Table > Insert > Table, looks as shown in Fig. 7.3.

Rice. 7.3. Setting table options

The upper left of this window contains fields in which the number of rows and columns of the table is indicated from the keyboard or using the counter. Below is the field Table Format, which provides a list of table templates. For example, category templates Numeric well suited for presenting numbers or quantitative and financial data, and category templates List it is convenient to use for displaying lists and comparing data, etc. To completely clear all table formatting in the list, use the item Absent. To quickly create a table, click on the name of the appropriate format in the list and click the button OK.

To delete a table or some of its elements (row or column), execute the corresponding submenu commands Table > Delete. To quickly select a table or its element (column, row or cell), use the submenu commands Table > Highlight.

MULTIMEDIA COURSE

In more detail, the procedure for working with tables is considered in the video lecture “Table Menu. Location (Part I)".

In this section, we'll take a quick look at the basic steps you need to take to prepare promotional materials using Publisher 2007.

As we noted above, when the program is launched, its start window opens (see Fig. 7.1). In it, you need to choose the further work order, in particular, what type of publication you need to create or which of the previously created publications you will work with. In the first case, you should open the folder with publication templates and select the optimal template, in the second case, click on the link From file, which is located in the right part of the window in the area Latest publications. This will open a window in which you need to specify the path to the required file.

If you want to create a publication without using templates, then in the left part of the window, select Blank page sizes, and then in the central part of the interface, specify the appropriate page size.

You might be wondering: why pre-specify the page size?

The fact is that different types of publications are drawn up on pages of different sizes. For example, it is one thing to prepare a booklet or a large advertising poster, and quite another to develop a business card, which, in principle, cannot be big size. Therefore, the program offers the user, who does not want to use a ready-made template, to decide in advance on the appropriate page size.

To select the page size, just click on the appropriate icon. After that, the work area will be displayed in the right part of the window, the contents of which (for example, the size of an A4 sheet) are shown in Fig. 7.4.

Rice. 7.4. presetting

In this window, you can pre-configure the layout of the future publication. In field Color scheme from the drop-down list, select the optimal color scheme in accordance with which the publication will be designed. The list contains quite a few schemes: Waterfall, Sunrise, Clay, Cranberry, Graceful etc. Then in the field Font scheme similarly select the font scheme to be used when creating the publication. Click the button Create, a working window will open (Fig. 7.5), in which a blank page will be displayed. On it you will create your publication from scratch.

Rice. 7.5. Working window for creating a publication

In the left part of this window there is a task area, the contents of which depend on current mode operation (in Fig. 7.5 the mode is selected Publication format). This area contains the most popular tools that a user needs to work with a publication. To change the mode of operation (and, accordingly, the tools contained in the task area), click on the small triangle located to the right of the name of the mode of operation (in Fig. 7.5 - to the right of the text Post Formatting), and select the desired mode in the menu that opens. Note that the workflow in the task pane is the same whether you're creating a publication from a template or from scratch.

Let us briefly consider the purpose and procedure for using the main modes.

Mode Post Formatting includes four sections: Page settings, Color schemes, Font schemes And Publish setting. In chapter Page settings You can optionally adjust page settings and insert a logo. In chapter Color schemes you can not only change the previously selected color scheme by choosing from among the schemes available in the program, but also create your own color scheme. In the latter case, click on the link Create color scheme and in the window that opens, make the necessary settings (set the name of the scheme, its color palette, etc.).

In chapter Font schemes you can re-select a font scheme that includes the main and secondary fonts, as well as create a new font scheme if none of the schemes proposed by the program suits you for some reason. In the latter case, click on the link Creating a Font Scheme, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.6.

Rice. 7.6. Create a custom font scheme

In this window, from the corresponding drop-down lists, select the title font and body text font that will be used when creating and editing this publication. However, in the field on the right Sample you'll see a preview of what the title and body text of the post would look like with the currently configured settings. In field Font scheme name using the keyboard, enter an arbitrary name for the font scheme, under which, after saving, it will be available for selection in the general list of schemes. Enter a name that would carry a certain semantic load, this will later quickly determine in the list for which publications are intended different schemes. For example, one created schema can be called For business cards, another - For presentation booklets etc.

To complete the process of generating a new font scheme, click the button in this window Save. If you press the button Cancel

In chapter Publish setting you can choose a template based on which the publication will be created. To do this, click the button Apply Template, then in the window that opens, select the appropriate template by clicking the mouse button and click the button OK.

If you often and a lot of work with the clipboard, it is recommended to enable the mode in the task pane Office Clipboard. In this case, the task area will take the form shown in Fig. 7.7.

Rice. 7.7. Working with the clipboard

This mode displays a list of objects previously placed on the clipboard not only from Publisher 2007, but also from other Microsoft applications office. To insert an object into a publication, double-click on it. To quickly paste all objects on the clipboard into the publication, click the button Paste All. If you want to quickly delete all content from the clipboard, click the button clear all.

You can customize the clipboard to suit your needs. To do this, click the button Options and in the menu that opens, specify the appropriate settings. In particular, you can make it so that the clipboard will open when you double-click the keys ctrl+c, or you can turn on the automatic display of the clipboard, etc. The settings made take effect immediately.

When preparing many advertising materials, it is necessary to include relevant business data in them: the name and logo (emblem) of the enterprise, telephone number, address, surname of the contact person, etc. The most typical example of such material is a business card.

To view, enter and edit business data included in the publication, the mode is intended business data. The task pane of Publisher 2007, when this mode is enabled, looks like the one shown in Fig. 7.8.

Rice. 7.8. Business data mode

To insert certain data into the publication, click on the desired object. It will be highlighted with a frame, on the right side of which an arrow will be displayed, click on it with the mouse button and in the menu that appears, execute the command Add this field.

Second menu command Edit business data is designed to switch to the business data editing mode. When this command is executed, the window shown in Fig. 7.9.

Rice. 7.9. Creating and editing business data

In this window, you can enter a new and edit a previously created business data set. Almost all parameters of this window must be entered from the keyboard. Exception - parameter Emblem: To select its value (which can be a company logo, trademark logo, etc.), press the button Add an emblem and in the window that opens, according to the usual Windows rules, specify the path to the image file.

Since the program features include the use of different sets of business data, each of them must have its own name. This is necessary for the subsequent identification of the set in lists and other selection elements. Enter a unique name for the set using the keyboard in the field Business Dataset Name.

To complete the entry of business data, click on the button in this window. Save. Button Cancel is designed to exit this mode without saving the changes made.

If several sets of business data are entered into the program, then when switching to edit mode (that is, when executing the command Edit business data) the window shown in Fig. 7.10.

Rice. 7.10. Business data selection

From the drop down list Select business data set select the dataset you plan to work with in the future. In this case, the contents of the selected set will be displayed in the central part of the interface. To include this set in the publication task pane, click the button Update Post located at the bottom right of the window.

MULTIMEDIA COURSE

By default, in the Name and Organization name fields, the user name and the name of the organization on which the user is registered are displayed, respectively. this copy Office 2007 package.

From this window, you can also switch to the edit mode for the selected data set. To do this, click the button Change, as a result, an editing window will open (see Fig. 7.9), in which the necessary actions are performed.

To delete the selected data set, click the button Delete. In this case, the program will issue an additional request to confirm the deletion operation.

In addition, from this window you can switch to the mode of creating a new set of business data. Click the button Create, as a result, the window for creating a business data set will open (see Fig. 7.9), which we have already met above.

Not only can you choose a color scheme for each promotional material, but you can also customize the background color of the publication. To do this, go to Background, as a result, the task area will look like in Fig. 7.11.

Rice. 7.11. Working in Background mode

To select the background design of a publication, just click on the corresponding icon - the changes will take effect immediately. However, do not forget that in order to save changes, you must execute the main menu command File > Save or press the key combination ctrl+s.

If you did not find a suitable design option in the proposed background library, you can customize the background colors yourself. To do this, click on the link Additional colors, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.12.

Rice. 7.12. Setting a secondary color

On the tabs of this window, you can set any color you like. For example, on the tab Ordinary by moving the mouse pointer while holding down the button, the optimal variant is selected. On the tab Range the color can be selected in the same way, or by entering specific values ​​of red, green and blue (for the RGB color model) or by entering other parameters (for other color models). In this case, in the lower right corner of the window, a sample of how the currently selected background will look, as well as the color of the current background, is shown. Remember that the settings you have made take effect only after pressing the button. OK.

Publisher 2007 uses different types background, which may differ in saturation, fill option, hatching method, as well as other parameters. If necessary, you can customize the background type yourself. To switch to the appropriate mode, click on the link Additional background types located at the bottom of the task pane. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.13.

Rice. 7.13. Setting up additional background types

As you can see in the figure, this window includes tabs gradient, Texture, Pattern, Drawing And Hue, which group the settings of the same type, similar in functionality and purpose.

On the tab gradient set the color scheme, the level of transparency, as well as the type of hatching. If the switch Colors set to position one color, then a field for choosing a color opens on the right, and a slider appears, with which you can set the desired shade (darker or lighter). If the switch is set to two colors, then instead of a slider on the right, a field for choosing a second color will appear. If the switch is set to billet, then you can use any of the color blanks available in the program for decoration. This opens the field on the right. Workpiece name, in which you should select a suitable workpiece from the drop-down list ( Twilight, Desert, Horizon and etc.).

Parameter Transparency determines the degree of transparency of the background design of the promotional material. Values From(minimum) and Before(maximum) can be entered in the appropriate fields using the keyboard or set using the counter.

To select the type of hatching, you must set the switch Hatching type to one of the following positions:

horizontal;

vertical;

diagonal 1;

diagonal 2(diagonal hatchings differ only in direction);

from the corner;

from the center.

Each type of background can be used in different ways, a list of which is presented in the area Options. Select the appropriate option by clicking on it. In field Sample, which is located in the lower right corner of the tab, shows a sample of how the background design of the promotional material will look like with the currently selected settings.

On the tab Texture you can choose a texture for the background design. Click on the required option. Similarly, on the tab Pattern select a pattern for the design of the publication (however, here you can also specify the color of the hatching and background of the pattern), and on the tab Hue- suitable shade.

You can use any arbitrary picture as a background design. To do this, click the button Drawing tabs Drawing and in the window that opens, specify the path to the corresponding image file.

All changes made in the settings window for additional background types take effect only after clicking the button OK. To exit this mode without saving changes, press the button. Cancel. Both of these buttons are available on all tabs of the window.

In the process of work, sometimes it becomes necessary to quickly find certain data (word, text fragment, etc.) or replace one data with another. To solve this problem, Publisher 2007 implements a mechanism automatic search and data replacement. This feature is especially useful when working with large amounts of information (for example, when preparing large-scale advertising materials).

The task area of ​​the program when working in the search and replace mode is shown in fig. 7.14.

Rice. 7.14. Search and replace data

First of all, using the appropriate switch, you should specify what exactly needs to be done: only data search (position Find) or search for data with their simultaneous replacement with other data (position Replace). After that in the field Find enter from the keyboard or select from the drop-down list a word, text, number, etc., which will be the object of the search. Please note that the drop-down list will be empty during the first search, and subsequently the previously entered search objects will be automatically added to it.

In field Replaced by specify the word, text, etc. that you want to replace the search object with. This field becomes available only if the switch is set to Replace.

If the checkbox is checked Whole word only, then the program will search for objects that fully satisfy the search condition. In other words, if you want to find a word Automobile, then if this box is checked, the word "Auto" will be ignored.

If the checkbox is checked Distinguish between lowercase and uppercase letters, the search will be case-sensitive. In other words, if you need to find a word Automobile, then if this box is checked, the word "car" will be ignored.

From the drop down list Search select the search direction relative to the current cursor location. If set to throughout the text, then the search will be performed throughout the text of the advertising material, regardless of the position of the cursor. At the set value up the search will be conducted in the direction to the cursor, and if the value down– in the direction after the cursor.

To start the search process according to the set parameters, press the button Find next. To perform a search with simultaneous data replacement, click the button Replace. After each replacement, this button must be pressed again to continue the process. If you need to quickly replace the entire document at once, click the button Replace All.

To design promotional materials and publications, in addition to the tools discussed in the previous sections, it is also convenient to use special styles. In this case, a style is a variant of text design that includes many settings (in particular, font, paragraph, tab settings, list presentation, etc.). By choosing a certain style, you can be sure that all text in the current document will be formatted according to the same rules.

The task area in the mode of working with styles is shown in fig. 7.15.

Rice. 7.15. Working in Styles mode

The bulk of the task pane is taken up by a large box that displays a list of styles. Content given field defined using the parameter below Show, whose value should be selected from the drop-down list. If the value is selected All styles(it is used by default), then the list will contain all the styles available in the program. If you enter a value in this field Used, then only those styles that are used in the current document will be displayed in the list.

Publisher 2007 has the ability to import styles from an external file stored on your hard drive or removable media. To do this, press the button Import Styles and in the window that opens, specify the path to the file from which the import will be performed, then click the button OK.

You can create a style yourself if none of the ones in the program suits you for some reason. To switch to style creation mode, press the button. Create Style, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.16.

Rice. 7.16. Creating a new style

First of all, you should determine the main parameters of the created style. In field Enter a name for the new style Give the style you're creating a name. This is necessary for the subsequent identification of this style in the selection lists, since it will be displayed in them exactly under the name specified in this field.

If you want to create a new style based on an existing one (for example, leaving its conceptual focus unchanged and making only minor adjustments to it), then select the base style from the drop-down list based on style. Otherwise, this field contains the value Absent.

At the bottom of the window in the settings area Sample shows a sample of how the generated style will look with the current settings.

To set up each style element (font, paragraph, etc.), the program provides separate modes, accessed by the corresponding buttons. Let's briefly consider each of them.

To switch to the mode for setting font parameters, press the button Font. This will open the window shown in Fig. 7.17.

Rice. 7.17. Setting Font Options

From the drop down list Font select the type of font (Times New Roman, Verdana, Arial, etc.) that you want to use in the style you are creating. In field inscription select the style of drawing in the same way: Ordinary(this value is set by default), Italics, Bold or Bold italic. In field Size specify the desired font size.

If necessary, you can specify an underline - select the required option in the field underlining. The color scheme of the font can be customized using the parameter Color: not only the color of the font is indicated here, but also possible ways fills.

In the settings area Modification use the corresponding checkboxes to customize the modification of the selected font. Please note that all flags are grouped in pairs and only one flag can be checked at a time in each pair. In addition, the checkbox Circuit can only be set if the checkbox is unchecked drowned, and the checkbox upbeat- only when checkboxes are unchecked With shadow And drowned.

In field Sample shows a sample of what the style font would look like with the currently set settings.

Complete the font settings by clicking the button in this window. OK. If you press the button Cancel, then exit this mode without saving the changes made.

Set the character spacing separately. To switch to this mode in the window Style creation Interval, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.18.

Rice. 7.18. Setting character spacing

In area Scale you can adjust the compression or stretching of the selected text fragment. To do this, in the field located on the right, specify the degree of compression (less than 100%) or the degree of stretching (more than 100%). By default, this field is set to a neutral value - 100% . If you change the value of this field using a counter, then please note that the step of the counter in any direction is 10%. However, you can manually enter any value with an accuracy of 1%.

In area Tracking Specify how you want to adjust the character spacing in the selected text fragment. You can select the required value from the drop-down list or enter it manually in the field located on the right On. When choosing a value from the list, remember that any value corresponds to a specific value in the field On, namely:

Ordinary– 100% (these values ​​are used by default);

Very narrow– 75% ;

Narrow– 87,5% ;

Wide– 112,5% ;

Very wide– 125% ;

Special– given value from the drop-down list is substituted automatically whenever the field value On does not match any of the standard values ​​listed above.

If you change the field value On using a counter, remember that one step equals 5%, but with the keyboard you can enter a value with an accuracy of 1%.

Similarly, in the area kerning you can set the size of the space between characters.

An example of how the text will look at the current settings is displayed in the field Sample.

To save the entered data, press the button OK, to close the window without saving changes - the button Cancel.

To adjust paragraph settings (text alignment, red line, breaks, indents, etc.), click in the window Style creation(see Fig. 7.16) button Paragraph, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.19.

Rice. 7.19. Setting Paragraph Options

This window consists of two tabs: Indents and spacing And Line and paragraph breaks. Let's briefly review the contents of each of them.

On the tab Indents and spacing from drop down list alignment you should choose the appropriate way to align the text on the page. For example, if you specify a method Left(this value is used by default), then the text will be aligned to the left border of the page, when established way By width it will be evenly distributed across the entire width of the page and look equally flat along the left and right borders, etc.

In area Indent You can adjust the paragraph indent from the borders. This may be necessary, for example, to highlight a paragraph in the text or to design a red line, as well as in other cases. From the drop down list View select the type of indentation (for example, Shift left, ledge, Quote and etc.). If you need to start a paragraph with a red line, then in the corresponding field, specify the distance by which it should indent. In the fields Left And On right set the indent size (in centimeters) on each side of the paragraph.

In the settings area Line spacing you can specify the spacing between lines of one paragraph (parameter Between the lines), as well as the distance between paragraphs before and after the current paragraph (fields, respectively Before paragraphs And After paragraphs). The values ​​of all parameters are either entered from the keyboard or set using the counter buttons.

In field Sample a preview of what the paragraph would look like with the currently selected settings is permanently displayed.

Tab Line and paragraph breaks also includes several options. If this tab is checked prohibition of hanging lines, then the display of one line of a paragraph, for example, on the next page will not be allowed. With the checkbox checked stay away from the next the current paragraph will be placed on the same page as the next. If the checkbox is checked don't break a paragraph, then the entire paragraph will necessarily be placed on one page.

In order for the settings of the paragraph parameters to take effect, click the button in this window. OK. To close the window without saving changes, click the button Cancel.

It is advisable to present a number of different data in publications in the form of lists. This applies, for example, to lists of types of manufactured products, types of activities of the enterprise, available warehouse and other premises, etc.

Publisher 2007 provides extensive functionality for customizing bulleted and numbered lists used within a particular style. To switch to the corresponding mode in the window Style creation(see figure 7.16) press the button List, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.20.

Rice. 7.20. Setting up lists

As you can see in the figure, this window consists of two tabs: Markers And Numbering. Let's consider each of them.

On the tab Markers You can set up bulleted lists. In area marker sign select the appropriate marker with a mouse click - the following options will become available immediately after that Size, List indent And Sign(they are blocked if in the settings area marker sign the leftmost position is selected, which is empty).

In field Size you can change the marker size suggested by the program by default. The value of this field can be edited both from the keyboard and using the counter buttons. In the latter case, remember that one counter step equals 1. In the field List indent specify the distance, expressed in centimeters, at which the text should recede from the marker. This value can also be changed both using the counter (one step of the counter equals 0.25 cm) and from the keyboard.

If necessary, you can change the marker sign suggested by the program. To do this, click the button Sign, then in the window that opens, select the appropriate symbol by clicking the mouse button and click the button OK.

At the bottom of the box in the box Sample shows a sample of what it will look like bulleted list with the current settings.

Tab content Numbering shown in fig. 7.21.

Rice. 7.21. Setting up numbered lists

On this tab, you can configure numbered lists. From the drop down list Format choose an appropriate numbering format (for example, you can use Arabic or Roman numerals, letters or alphabetic numbers, etc.). Then in the field Delimiter similarly, specify the separator character that will stand between the number and the text (by default, it is suggested to use a period as a separator).

You can start numbering the list from any number - depending on the current need. Of course, most lists start with the number 1 (the program offers this value by default), but if necessary, in the field Begin with you can specify any other number.

In field List indent you can set the distance, expressed in centimeters, by which the text should recede from the number. This value is changed both with the help of a counter (one step of the counter is equal to 0.25 cm) and from the keyboard.

At the bottom of the tab in the field Sample shows a sample of what a numbered list would look like with the currently configured settings.

All changes made on the tabs of the window take effect only after clicking the button OK. If you press the button Cancel, then exit this mode without saving the changes made.

For the design of paragraphs, it is sometimes advisable to use horizontal rulers. To configure them, click in the window Style creation(see Fig. 7.16) button Horizontal rulers, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.22.

Rice. 7.22. Setting up horizontal rulers

Horizontal rulers are configured separately before a paragraph and after a paragraph, although the settings are similar and become available after checking the boxes respectively Before a paragraph And After paragraph.

In the settings area View from the corresponding drop-down lists, select the thickness value (this value can also be entered manually), the color and style of the horizontal line. Specify the position of the horizontal line relative to the margins and the paragraph in the settings area Position(the value of each parameter is expressed in centimeters and can be set either with the counter buttons or entered from the keyboard).

Finish setting up horizontal lines by clicking the button in this window. OK. To close the window without saving changes, click Cancel.

The last step in creating a custom visual style is to set tab settings. To switch to this mode, click in the window Style creation(see Fig. 7.16) button Tabulation, as a result, the window shown in Fig. 7.23.

Rice. 7.23. Tab setting

In this window, using the parameter Tab stops form a list of tab stops (there may be several). In the upper field, use the keyboard to enter the value of the position in centimeters and press the button Install, which will display that value in the list below. Having thus formed a list of positions, you can start setting up each of them.

Select the custom position in the list by clicking on it with the mouse button, and in the right part of the window using the switch alignment specify the position alignment method: left side(this is the default position) in the center, right side And by separator. Then select the appropriate placeholder in the same way (the default radio button is Aggregate set to position absent). Then press the button again Install.

To remove a tab stop from the list, click on it and click Delete. To quickly delete all positions at the same time, press the button delete everything. In each case, be careful, because the program does not issue an additional confirmation request for the deletion operation.

To complete the tab stops for this style, click OK. If you press the button Cancel, then exit this mode without saving the changes made.

Do not forget after performing all the above settings for the style elements in the window Style creation(see Fig. 7.16) press the button OK– only after that the settings will take effect. If you do not do this, then after closing the window you will lose all the settings made.

The main menu (Fig. 3) contains all the commands of the program, we list its items:

Rice. 3 Main menu

File– work with documents: creating, opening, saving, importing and exporting images, printing, etc.

Edit– general editing and searching, as well as working with some special types of objects.

View– control of viewing modes and display of auxiliary objects.

Layout- setting parameters, adding and deleting document pages.

streamline- changing the relative position and combination of objects.

effects- color management and vector effects that can be applied to objects.

Bitmaps– editing of raster images.

Text– work with text objects.

Table- creating and editing tables.

Tools– setting up the program and calling some docked windows.

Window– managing document windows and calling docked windows.

Reference- help system and useful links.

It must be admitted that the main menu of CorelDRAW is one of the most saturated among graphics programs. It is not easy to navigate it, so it is recommended to memorize keyboard shortcuts that correspond to the most common commands.

File menu

File menu commands are used to work with documents.

Create. This command creates new document with default settings.

Create from template. A command similar to the previous one, but using as the basis for created file one of the template documents. This will bring up a dialog box in which you can select the appropriate template. In the version of CorelDRAW X4, this window has been significantly redesigned and now contains many new interesting templates, sorted into categories.

Open. Opens a previously created document.

Close. Closes the current document. If you need to close everything open documents, use File\Close All or Window\Close All.

Save as. Saves the current document under a new name and/or in a different format. This opens the Save Document dialog box. This window is the standard window for saving a document on the operating system you are using, but contains some additional settings. We list the main ones:

Save Type - select the format in which the document will be saved. You can choose not only the CorelDRAW format or its sister format, but also the competing Adobe Illustrator format.

Version - This drop-down list is active if you are using one of Corel's native formats and indicates the version number of that format.

Selected only - a very convenient checkbox that allows you to save only selected objects as a separate document.

Embed fonts using TrueDoc - allows you to save used fonts with the document.

Return. Returns the document to the last saved version.

Get an image. Used to scan images directly from CorelDRAW.

Import. Places an image from a file into the current document. This brings up the Import dialog box. You can place multiple images in a document at one time. For this, using Shift keys and Ctrl, select the desired files in the Import dialog box and click the Import button). If the image is large, you may not be able to import the entire image. In the drop-down list next to the Preview check box, change the Full image value to Crop. In this case, after pressing the Import button, an additional dialog box will be called, in which you can specify the area of ​​the drawing you are interested in. When you select the Resize item from the drop-down list, the corresponding window will be called up, in which you can change the size of the placed image.

Export for Office. An option that allows you to save your work in a Microsoft Office-friendly EMF format.

Send to. Allows you to send a document to e-mail, save it to specific folders, or create a desktop shortcut for it.

Print commands. To prepare and print a document, use the following File menu commands: Print, Combined Print, Print Preview, Print Setup, and Prepare for Service Bureau.

Export to PDF. The PDF (Portable Document Format) format was created specifically to ensure that the document looks the same on computers with different operating systems, a different set of fonts, etc. In fact, Export to PDF is a variation of the Save As command. You can select one of the presets from the PDF Preset drop-down list. For example, if you are going to place a document on the Web, then the Web is best, for transferring to a repro center and printing - Prepress, etc. To fine-tune the settings, use the Settings button.

Publishing the page in ConceptShape. Introduced in CorelDRAW X4, this command brings up a dockable ConceptShape window that allows you to share your work and sketches with colleagues and clients in real time. ConceptShape is a great solution for designers and design teams to get quality feedback on ongoing projects without costly face-to-face meetings.

Publication on the Internet. This submenu contains several commands that allow you to convert the created document into a format suitable for the web.

HTML. When this command is selected, a dialog box is called up in which the user can set all the necessary settings for the HTML file corresponding to the CorelDRAW document. It is not recommended to use the File\Publish to Web\HTML command to create web pages. Despite all its advantages, CorelDRAW is still a package for creating graphics. It can be used to prepare images, but not HTML files. If it is important for you to fully preserve the design of the document, use the export to PDF format.

Flash embedded in HTML. First, the image is exported to Flash format, in the same way as when the Export command is executed. Then an HTML document is created, in which a link to the created Flash file is entered.

Web Image Optimizer. With the help of a dialog box, this command allows you to choose the parameters for optimizing images for placement on the Web.

Document properties. A very important tool that is often neglected by novice users. The dialog box that appears when you select this command displays summary information about the document. Often it is she who allows you to figure out why the file is not printed or takes up too much disk space and in random access memory. Here you can get the following information:

File - general information about the file (location, size, creation date, etc.).

Document - the number, size and orientation of the document's pages, the number of layers, and the resolution for which the document is optimized.

Graphic objects - general information about vector objects of the document.

Text statistics - the number and characteristics of text objects.

Bitmap Objects - general information about raster objects in a document.

Styles - the number and names of styles used.

Effects - the number and names of applied effects.

Fills - characteristics of applied fills.

Strokes - characteristics of the used strokes.

Open recent. The latest documents that you worked with in the program can be opened using this submenu. By default, it contains five items.

Exit. Exit the program and close all open documents in it. If, when executing this command, in any of the open files there are unsaved changes, the program will prompt you to save them.

Edit menu

The Edit menu contains commands for editing, searching, and some others.

Cancel. Allows you to undo the last executed commands. Cancellation occurs according to the stack principle: the last command is canceled first, then the penultimate one, etc.

Return. The command is the reverse of the previous one. It allows you to restore an action undone by the Rollback command. Additional features to manage rollbacks provides a dockable Cancel window.

Repeat. Repeats the last action performed. The command can be applied both to the object that has been changed, and to any other. Not all operations can be repeated using the Repeat command: for example, commands for creating objects, inserting images, editing nodes, working with a document, and some others are not reproduced.

Cut, Copy and Paste. Commands that perform standard clipboard operations:

Cut - transfers the selected object to the clipboard, removing it from the document;

Copy - puts a copy of the selected object on the clipboard, leaving the original in the document;

Paste - pastes the contents of the clipboard into the document.

Special insert. Unlike the Paste command, it prompts the user in what format the object should be pasted from the clipboard. This calls up a special dialog box in which you need to select the appropriate format.

Delete. Deleting the selected object.

Symbol. This submenu is dedicated to working with symbols– fixed images that can be used repeatedly in different documents. For example, you can save your company logo as a symbol and then insert it into an editable document with just one click. To change the symbol, go to special mode editing to avoid accidental distortion.

Create symbol - converts the selected object into a symbol.

Modify symbol - puts the symbol into a mode in which you can modify its shape and color (this cannot be done in normal mode).

End symbol editing - allows you to return to normal mode.

Convert to Objects - Converts the character to normal CorelDRAW objects.

Break Link - Removes the symbol link.

Update Link - Updates the symbol loaded as a link.

Export Library - Creates a symbol library file in CSL format.

Symbol Manager - Calls up a special dockable window for working with symbols. The dockable window of the Symbol Manager seems to be the most convenient tool for working with symbols.

Duplicate. When this menu item is selected, a copy of the selected object is created at a certain distance from it. To set this distance, enter in the context-sensitive property bar desired values into fields that specify an offset relative to the original. To duplicate the selected object in the same place, just press the + key. If you hold down the Space key while moving or transforming an object, intermediate copies of it are created.

Clone. This command allows not only copying an object, but also hard-binding its parameters with the copy. This ensures that most changes made to the original object are automatically applied to the clone object.

Copy properties. This command is useful when you need to copy the attributes of one object to another. When it is executed, a dialog box appears in which you must specify which properties you are going to copy.

Stroke shape - copies the thickness, hatching and other attributes of the stroke (except color).

Stroke Color - Copies the color of the stroke.

Fill - copies the type and color of the fill.

Text properties - typeface, size, style and other text attributes are copied.

Step and repeat. When this menu item is selected, a docking window of the same name opens, allowing you to set the number of copies of the object, as well as the parameters for copying horizontally and vertically (distance to created copy or between them and the copy direction).

Outline overlay. Assigning ink overlay properties to strokes of vector objects.

Fill overlay. Assigning paint overlay properties to the fill of vector objects.

Bitmap overlay. Assigning ink overlay properties to bitmap objects.

Select all. This submenu is used to simultaneously select objects of the same type.

Objects – all objects in the document are selected.

Text - all text objects in the document are selected.

Guides - All guide lines in the document are selected.

Nodes – all nodes of the selected object are selected.

Commands of the Select All submenu do not always work correctly. For example, if text objects are grouped with other graphic elements, then the Select All \ Text command will not see them.

Search and replace. The Find and Replace submenu contains commands for finding and replacing objects according to specified characteristics.

Find objects - allows you to search for objects of a certain type, structure, color, etc. To do this, a special dialog box is called with many parameters.

Replace Objects – replaces the attributes of a specific type of objects. There are four replacement options:

Replace color - this way you can replace, for example, the white fill of all objects with black;

Replace color model or palette - a useful function if you need to convert, for example, all RGB objects to CMYK or assign all colors to the closest PANTONE equivalents to them;

Replace Stroke Options - Replaces all stroke options, except for the color;

Replace Text Attributes - allows you to change the typeface, style and size of the text in the entire document at once.

Find text - searches for a given piece of text.

Replace text - allows you to replace a specific piece of text with any other.

Last search - repeats the last performed search.

Insert barcode. If you have Corel Barcode installed on your computer, you can use the Edit\Insert Barcode command to insert a standard barcode into your document.

Commands Insert new object, Object and Links. The Insert New Object command places an OLE object into the document, which can be created directly in CorelDRAW or pasted from an existing file. To edit this object, you can either double-click on it or select the Edit command from the Object submenu. Use the Links item to edit an OLE object link.

Properties. Selecting this item on the Edit menu brings up a dockable Object Properties window that you can use to view and edit many of the object's attributes.

Menu View

This item of the main menu of the program contains commands for controlling the viewing and display modes of auxiliary objects (that is, objects that are not displayed when printing and are not saved when the document is exported, but help in editing).

The commands of the upper section of the View menu are intended for selecting the mode of displaying objects on the screen.

Simplified Wireframe is the most simplified view in which bitmaps become black and white and translucent, fill and stroke attributes, as well as effects (halo, overflow, pseudo-volume) are ignored.

Wireframe - unlike the Simple Wireframe mode, allows you to see the applied effects.

Draft - low quality full color viewing mode.

Normal is a medium quality viewing mode that does not display PostScript fills.

Advanced - the highest quality viewing mode with rendering of PostScript fills, bitmaps with high resolution and anti-aliasing of vector graphics.

Extended Overlay - Objects in which the stroke or fill is printed with an overlay are displayed accordingly (Fig. 4).

Full screen preview. This command allows you to see the document being edited on the full screen - without the menu bar, panels and docked windows. The image in this mode corresponds to the result of printing on the printer (with the accuracy that is determined by the monitor's color correction settings).

A	b	V

Rice. 4. The result of turning on the Extended Overlay mode:

a - an object with a fill overlay; b - an object with a stroke overlay;

c - an object with overlay fill and stroke

View only selected. Shows only selected objects in full-screen view.

Page order view. View mode, useful when working with multi-page documents. It allows you to display all pages of a document on one screen. Page content is shown as thumbnails.

View Manager. When you select this menu item, a docking window of the same name opens, containing tools for changing the view scale.

Rulers. This command starts the View menu section, which includes commands for displaying auxiliary elements of the CorelDRAW document window. Dimension rulers are located on the top and left sides of the document window. They allow you to visually control the coordinates and sizes of objects, as well as the current coordinates of the mouse pointer. By default, the origin is in the lower left corner of the document. If necessary, you can move the origin of coordinates to any other place. To do this, click on the intersection of the rulers (icon) and, without releasing the mouse button, drag the crosshairs to the desired point. To return the origin to the lower left corner of the sheet, double-click the same icon.

Net. A grid is a set of intersecting dashed or dotted lines. It is convenient to use the grid if you need to place objects at a strictly defined distance, and their sizes must be a multiple of a certain value.

Guides. Guides are auxiliary lines that help you line up objects along a specific direction. You can create guides in two ways: "pull" them with the mouse from the dimension rulers or turn them on using the Options dialog box.

Let's consider the second method in more detail. Open the Options dialog box. In this case, it is convenient to do this by double-clicking on the size ruler. To create, for example, a horizontal guide, click Horizontal. Enter the vertical coordinate of the guide in the upper left field and click on the Add button - the corresponding line will immediately appear in the document. Created guides can be moved using the Move button or removed using the Delete button. Similarly, vertical and oblique lines are added and edited.

The Blanks item allows you to create entire groups of guides, for example, to take into account non-printable printer margins or for multi-column layout.

Show. This submenu contains commands that allow you to show or hide additional construction lines.

Page Border - A solid line displays the document's page border.

Crop – a dashed line shows the borders of the sheet before the crop, defined on the Document\ Page\ Size page of the Options dialog box.

Printable area - the dashed line displays the boundaries of the printable area, determined by the printer settings.

Show interactive buttons. Interactive buttons are buttons whose appearance depends on the position of the pointer and the click of the mouse button. They are widely used in web documents. In CorelDRAW, these buttons can be created and edited using the commands in the Effects\Interactive Button submenu). If the Show interactive buttons check box is selected, then the dynamic button in the CorelDRAW window will respond to pointer movements and mouse clicks.

Snap to Grid, Snap to Guides, and Snap to Objects. Setting any of these flags causes the object to “stick” to grid lines, guides, or nodes of other objects when moving across the document window, respectively.

The Snap to... checkboxes are active even when the grid, guides, or objects are not visible on the screen. For example, if the Guides checkbox is unchecked and Snap to guides is checked, objects will snap to invisible guide lines. Similarly, if the Snap to objects checkbox is checked, then the attraction will occur even to the nodes of those objects that are on invisible layers.

Dynamic guides. If this option is activated, then when drawing, you will see information - the angle of rotation of the line, etc. This should be especially useful for those users who create simple drawings in CorelDRAW.

Setting. Using the Set up grid and rulers, Set up guides, Set up snapping to objects, and Set up dynamic guides commands of this submenu, the corresponding pages of the Options dialog box are called up.

Menu Layout

The Layout menu contains commands for working with document pages.

Insert page. Adds a certain amount of pages before or after the specified one.

Duplicate page. Allows you to create a copy of the current page with all layers and, if necessary, their contents, placing it before or after the selected one.

Rename page. Allows you to assign a custom title to the page. This can be useful when working with multi-page documents.

Delete page. Deletes pages in the given range (for example, from the fifth to the eighth).

Go to page. Jump to the specified page of the document.

Change page orientation. Rotates the page of the document by 90°, that is, changes its orientation from portrait to landscape and vice versa.

Page settings. Calls the page of the Options dialog box, where you can change the dimensions and some other page settings of the document.

Page background. Calls the page of the Options dialog box, where you can change the background color and type of the document page. In many cases, it is more convenient to use not the Layout menu, but the page navigator (Fig. 5), located in the lower left corner of the document window. You can drag the page tabs in the navigator to change the order of the pages. If you hold down the Ctrl key while doing this, the page is copied. Clicking the right mouse button on a page tab brings up a menu whose items repeat some of the commands on the Layout menu.

Rice. 5. Page Navigator

Menu Organize

The Arrange menu contains commands for changing the mutual arrangement of objects, as well as combining and converting the type of objects.

Transformations. This submenu contains commands for calling all tabs of the docked Transformation window.

Cancel transformations. Allows you to cancel all transformations applied to the selected object, except for moving.

Align and distribute. This submenu contains commands that allow you to align objects on a document sheet, that is, to shift them so that the coordinates of one of the sides or centers of these objects coincide.

Align Left - Aligns the left edges of objects along the same vertical line.

Align Right - Aligns the right edges of objects along the same vertical line.

Align Top – Objects are aligned to the top.

Align Bottom – Objects are aligned to the bottom.

Align Centers Horizontally - objects are aligned so that their centers lie on the same horizontal line.

Align Centers Vertically - objects are aligned so that their centers lie on the same vertical.

Center on page - objects are shifted so that their centers coincide with the center of the page.

Center horizontally on the page - objects are shifted so that their centers lie on a horizontal line passing through the center of the page.

Center vertically on the page - objects are shifted so that their centers lie on a vertical line passing through the center of the page.

Align and distribute - the dialog box of the same name is called, which contains all the alignment functions described above. In addition, the Distribute tab contains options that allow you to distribute objects evenly on the page.

Order. This submenu contains commands for changing the order of objects in plans. As noted above, each CorelDRAW object occupies a certain place in the hierarchy of plans: the figure in the background is obscured by objects located in closer plans. Let us now consider how the commands of the Order submenu act on objects.

Bring to front of page and Bring to front of layer bring the selected object to the front.

Send to Back of Page and Send to Back of Layer - bring the selected object to the back.

One plane forward - the selected object moves one plane forward.

One plane back – the selected object is moved one plane back.

In front of the object - the selected object is placed directly in front of the specified one.

Behind the object – the selected object is placed on the plan directly under the specified object.

Reverse order - the order of the plans is reversed.

Group. This command combines the selected objects into a group. At the same time, they retain their individual characteristics (coloring, stroke type, parameters of applied effects, etc.), but are transformed - moved, rotated, changed in size and shape - as a whole. If you need to select one of the elements in the group, click on it while holding down the Ctrl key.

Ungroup. Divides the selected group into independent objects.

Ungroup everything. Grouping in CorelDRAW can be hierarchical. This means that a group can be part of another group, which, in turn, can be part of a third group, and so on. If you select a group that has nested groups and execute the Ungroup command, then only the group will be ungrouped top level. The Ungroup All command allows you to ungroup all subgroups at once.

Merge. When combining several objects, their individual features are lost. The intersection areas of the original objects become transparent. You can merge only ungrouped vector objects and inline (not paragraph) text.

Divide. Operation inverse to union.

Block the object. A locked object cannot be edited. The selection markers of a locked object look like padlocks.

Unblock object. Releases the lock on the selected object.

Unlock all objects. The lock of all objects to which the Lock Object command has been applied is cancelled.

Shape change. The commands of this submenu allow you to transform the shape of intersecting objects.

Union - intersecting objects turn into one, and its boundary passes along the outer contour of the objects.

Exception - objects are cut along the intersection boundary.

Intersection - the intersection area is cut off from objects, which turns into a separate figure.

Simplify - the intersection area is removed from the bottom object.

Subtract back from front - the intersection area is removed from the top object; lower objects are removed completely.

Subtract front from back - the intersection area is removed from the bottom object; top objects are removed completely.

Reshape – invokes the dockable Reshape window, which contains the commands listed above.

Convert to curves. There are many types of vector objects in CorelDRAW that are not Bezier curves: these are, first of all, text, as well as rectangles, polygons, circles, arcs, spirals, etc. They are edited according to their own rules. The Convert to curves command allows you to turn special objects into ordinary ones.

Convert stroke to object. Turns an object's stroke into a filled object. The edges of the stroke become two new strokes. For example, an ellipse, after applying the command Location \ Convert Stroke to Object, turns into a ring.

Close the loop. The Close Contour submenu provides the user with a set of commands that can be used to close an open contour.

As an example, let's see how two open segments will behave (Fig. 6a) when choosing different items of the Close contour submenu:

Connect the nearest nodes with straight lines - the nodes are connected by straight segments with the nearest free nodes (Fig. 6b).

Connect the nearest nodes with curves – the nearest nodes are also connected, but with segments of smooth curves (Fig. 6c).

Connect the beginning and end with straight lines - there is a connection with straight lines, but not with the nearest node, but in sequence (that is, the last node of the first segment is connected to the first node of the second and vice versa) (Fig. 6d).

Connect the beginning and end with curves - as in the previous case, but the connecting lines are smooth (Fig. 6e).

A	b	V	G	d

Rice. 6. Closing the contours: a - original objects;

b – the result of applying the command Connect Nearest Nodes with Straight Lines; c – the result of applying the command Connect Nearest Nodes with Curves; d - the result of applying the command Connect the beginning and end with straight lines; e - the result of applying the command

Connect start and end with curves

Menu Effects

Dynamic graphic effects are one of the most successful features of CorelDRAW. They allow you to quickly create complex, impressive groups of objects that can be easily and visually edited. The main part of the menu item under consideration is dedicated to effects. In addition, it contains color correction commands.

Color setting

The Color settings submenu contains a set of commands for adjusting the color of a selected object.

Contrast Enhancement - Allows you to increase or decrease the image contrast.

Local setting- makes fine details of the image more visible.

Balance by Sample - adjusts the color by adjusting at three points: in highlights, in shadows and in midtones.

Tone Curve – allows you to adjust the color tone of an image based on tone curves.

Brightness \ Contrast \ Intensity - as you can guess from the name, adjusts the brightness, contrast and intensity of the image.

Color balance - changes the ratio of colors in the image.

Gamma correction - allows you to change the contrast of image areas whose brightness is in a certain range. For example, you can increase the contrast in midtones without changing the highlights and shadows.

Hue \ Saturation \ Brightness) - adjusts the hue (spectral value) of the color, its saturation and brightness.

Selective color correction - performs correction in separate color ranges.

Replace colors - allows you to replace a color (or a range of similar colors) with a new one.

Desaturation - Turns a color image into black and white.

Channel blending - changes the brightness of pixels in a given color channel by adding to or subtracting from them the brightness of the source image channels.

Transformation. This submenu contains commands for general image color processing.

Remove horizontal scanning stripes – allows you to compensate for errors in the image received from the video media.

Invert - creates a color negative of the image.

Posterization - reduces the number of color gradations, due to which sharp transitions between halftones are created.

Adjustment. This submenu contains a single command - Dust and scratches, which allows you to remove gross flaws from the image (usually scanned), caused by the presence of dust and scratches on the original.

Decoration. When you select this menu item, a docking window of the same name is called up, with which you can set an effective stroke design.

In the Artistic media docking window, you can select three types of art brush:

blank;

Object sprayer.

The Artistic Media tool, located in the Graphics panel, offers much more control over stroke effects.

Overflow. Overflow is a step-by-step transition between objects, in which the shape and color of intermediate objects gradually change (Fig. 7).

The Docking window (Flow, called by the command Effects\Flow) allows you to set the parameters of the effect and apply it.

Rice. 7. An example of a flow between a rectangle and an ellipse

To create a blend using the docker, just select two objects and click the Apply button. In an already created transition, you can change the number of steps, the Number of steps parameter, set the rotation of intermediate objects (the Rotate parameter and the Loop checkbox), as well as replace the start and end objects and the blend path (three buttons above Apply are intended for this).

The second tab of the docking window, Blending, is used to control the non-linearity of the step transition.

Non-linearity of objects - the distance between intermediate objects varies unevenly.

Fill/stroke non-linearity – stroke thickness and fill color vary unevenly.

Apply to dimensions - adds a non-linear resizing of intermediate objects.

Link non-linearities - the non-uniformity of resizing and fillings with strokes is synchronized.

The third tab of the Blending docker determines how the color of intermediate objects changes. Each color is modeled by a point on the color wheel, the transition from the initial color to the final one can be done in one of three ways.

In a straight line - with this method, the transition is carried out along the shortest distance on the color wheel.

Clockwise - the transition occurs in an arc in the direction of the clock hand.

Anti-Clockwise - Moves the arc in a counter-clockwise direction.

The fourth tab of the Blending docking window allows you to change the start and end points of the transition, as well as work with complex transitions. It contains the following options.

Node map - when creating a blend, the first point of the initial object is transformed into the first point of the end object, the second - into the second, etc.

Separate - using this button, you can specify one of the intermediate objects as a separator. This means