CONTROL - MEASURING MATERIALS INFORMATION SCIENCE

FOR 11 CLASS

Examinations for 11th grade students are carried out in order to test the knowledge of students and the ability to practically use the knowledge gained.

They provide the teacher with objective material that characterizes the level of preparation of all students.Test compiled in the form of tasks in two versions.

Examinations are designed for the whole lesson (45 min).

For the academic year 2014-2015 it is planned to conduct:

- 3 tests:

Control work for the first half of the year

Control work for the second half of the year

Final control work « Database. Database management systems (DBMS)»

The assessment of the test of students is carried out according to the following system: "5" - students receive if the correct answers are from 80% to 100% of the total"4" - put if the correct answers are from 71 to 79% of the total;"3" - corresponds to the work containing 50 - 70% of correct answers;"2" - corresponds to the work containing less than 50% of correct answers.

TEST

"Computer as a means of automating information processes"

Explanatory note

This control work is carried out with students of the 11th grade of a comprehensive school after studying the topics of the section "Computer as a means of automating information processes", according to the textbook by N.D. Ugrinovich in 2 versions.

Students should

know / understand:

purpose and functions of operating systems;

what information needs to be protected;

types of threats to numerical information;

physical methods and software information protection;

what is cryptography;

what's happened digital signature and a digital certificate.

be able to:

comply with safety regulations and hygiene recommendations when using ICT tools;

select a PC configuration depending on its purpose;

connect PC devices;

make basic BIOS settings;

work in an environment operating system at the user level
Instructions for conducting:

Option 1

Al. When V.T. Odner invented the adding machine?
1) in 18732) in 18793) in 18824) in 1880

1) quipu 2) abacus3) salami board 4) Napier's sticks

AZ. What was the name of the first Soviet serial computer?
1) BULLET 2) BESM 3) MESM 4) "Arrow"

A4. What is a large integrated circuit?
1) a set of different transistors on the same board
2) a set of programs for working on a computer
3) a set of lamps that perform various functions
4) silicon crystal with hundreds of gates

A5. What is the name of the input device for graphic images in a computer?
1) joystick2) microphone3) scanner4) keyboard

A6. TO What is the name of the output device for any visual information from a PC?
1) columns2) monitor 3) printer 4) plotter

A7. What is the name of the printer that prints high quality color glossy copies?
1) matrix 2) laser3) jet4) solid color

A8. Random access memory (RAM) property:
1) energy independence
2) the ability to overwrite information
3) long-term storage information
4) energy dependence

A 9. Named information on the disk:
1) drive 2) folder 3)file4)katalog

A10. Specify the file extension proba.docx.
1) no extension 3) pro b a 2) .docx 4) docx

A11. Specify the file type fact.exe.
1) text 2) graphic 3) executable4) Web page

A12. Name C: has:

A13. The operating system is:
1) program to downloadPC
2) a program or a set of programs that control the operation of a computer and ensure the process of executing other programs3) programs to ensure the operation of external devices

A14. What is the purpose of system software?
1) for application developmentBY
2) to solve problems from problem areas
3) to manage computer resources4) to expand the capabilities of the OS

A15. Select application programs for processing graphic information.
1) M i With ros OftWord, StarOfficeWriter
2) Mu1tip1an, Quattro R ro, SuperCalc
3) Adobe Photoshop, Core1 PhotoPaint, Macromedia Freehand
4) M icr O s Oft Power Point, StarOffice Impress

Al6. Select a computer virus definition.
1) application program
2) system program
3) program that performs unauthorized actions on a computer
4) database

A17. How does a software virus reproduce?
1) a virus program is copied once in the body of another program
2) the virus code is repeatedly copied in the body of another program
3) a virus program attaches itself to another program
4) virus code is copied once in the body of another program

A18. Choose Implementation Methods antivirus protection .
1) hardware and software
2) software, hardware and organizational
3) only software
4) enough Reserve copy data

A19. How does an antivirus program work?
1) waiting for the start of a virus attack
2) on the comparison of program codes with known vipycams
3) on deleting infected files
4) on blocking unknown files

IN 1. Set a match.

ENIAC

UNIVAC

MESM

"Arrow"

AT 2. Give a definition.

Formatting is...

AT 3. Name the antivirus protection aids.

Option 2

Al. When did Blaise Pascal invent Pascalina? 1) in 16242) in 16503) in 16424) in 1630

A2. What counting device related to the manual stage of ICT development is shown in the figure?
1) quipu2) abacus3) Salami board 4) Russian abacus

AZ. Under whose leadership was the ENIAK machine created?
1) J. Mauchli and J. P. Eckert 2) G. Aiken3) D. Anastasova 4) K. Zuse

A4. For what invention J. bardin, U. shockley, U. Brattain received the Nobel Prize in 1956?
1) printed circuit boards 2) vacuum tubes 3) computer mouse 4) transistor

A5. What is the name of the device used only to control the cursor on the monitor screen?
1) digitizer 2) keyboard3) trackball 4) scanner

A6. What is the name of the device used to output drawings to paper? 1) plotter2) printer 3) speakers 4) monitor

A7. What is the name of the printer used for bulk color printing?
1) matrix 2) laser3) jet4) solid color

A8. Read Only Memory (ROM) property:
1) read-only information
2) energy independence
3) the ability to overwrite information
4) short-term storage of information

A9. The file is:
1) unit of information
2) program in RAM
3) a program or part of memory that has a name
4) text printed on the printer

A10. Specify the file extension primer .a vi .
1) primer . avi . 2) . primer 3) a vi 4) .a vi

A11. Specify file type fact.jpeg .
1) text2) graphic3) executable 4) Web -page

A12. Name A: has:
1) floppy drive 2) HDD 3) DVD drive 4) folder

Al3. Driver is: 1) PC download program
2) a program or set of programs that controls the operation of a computer and ensures the execution of other programs3) programs for ensuring the operation of external devices
4) programs for working with files

A14. The utility is the software:
1) for the development of application software
2) to solve problems from various areas
3) managing all resources
4) expanding the capabilities of the OS

A15. Choose application programs for processing tabular information .
1) M i With ros O ftWord, StarOfficeWriter
2) M And 1tip1an, Q And attroPro, S And perCalc
3) Adobe Photoshop, soge1 PhotoPaint, Macromedia Freehand
4) M i With ros OftPowerPoint, StarOffice Impress

Al6. Name the types of computer viruses.
1) hardware, software, boot
2) software, boot, macro viruses
3) file, software, macro viruses
4) file, boot, macro viruses

A17. Choose the most correct description of the stages of a software virus.
1) reproduction, virus attack
2) writing to a file, reproduction
3) writing to a file, reproduction, destruction of the program
4) reproduction, writing to a file, deleting the program

A18. What is a virus attack?
1) repeated copying of the virus code into the program code
2) turning off the computer due to a virus
3) violation of the program, destruction of datanyh, formatting hard drive
4) data change

A19. Select antivirus programs .
1) AVP , DrWeb , NortonAntiVirus
2) MS - DOS , MSWord , A VP
3) MSWord , MS Excel , Norton Commander
4) DrWeb , AVP , NortonDiskDoctor

IN 1. Set a match.

1624

1642

1673

1804

AT 2. Give a definition.

Conductor is...

AT 3. Name the main means of protection against viruses.

TEST

"Modeling and Formalization"

Teacher - developer: Khazhina G.I.

Running time: 45 minutes

Explanatory note

This control work is carried out with students of the 11th grade of a comprehensive school after studying the topics of the section "Modeling and formalization" according to the textbook by N.D. Ugrinovich in 2 versions.

Students should

know / understand:

purpose and types of information models describing real objects or processes;

using the algorithm as a model for automating activities;

what is a systematic approach in science and practice;

the role of information processes in systems;

model definition;

what is an information model;

stages information modeling on the computer;

be able to:

illustrate educational work using information technology tools;

navigate in graph models, build them according to the verbal description of the system;

build tabular models according to the verbal description of the system.

Instructions for conducting:

1. The text of the test is issued to students in printed form2. Control work is carried out in the conditions of a school lesson3. Control work is carried out in a familiar environment for children.4. The students were also familiarized with the assessment criteria.

Option 1.

1. What pairs of objects are not in an "object - model" relationship? A) a computer - its photograph; B) computer - its functional diagram; C) a computer is its processor; D) computer - his technical description.
2. An information model that has a hierarchical structure is ... A) file system computer; B) lesson schedule; B) periodic table; D) TV program.
3. What model is static (describing the state of an object)? A) the formula of a chemical compound; B) formulas of uniformly accelerated motion; C) the formula of a chemical reaction; D) Newton's second law.
4. An information model that has a network structure is ... A) computer file system B) periodic table; C) the genealogical tree of the family; D) model computer network Internet.
5. An information (sign) model is ... A) anatomical model; B) the layout of the building; B) model of the ship; D) chemical formula.
6. In information models of open-loop control systems, there is no ... A) a control object; B) managed object; B) control channel; D) channel feedback.

7. Which of the following definitions of the term "model" is correct? Mark Allanswers that you think are correct.

A) a model is a kind of auxiliary tool, an object that in a certain situation replaces another object;

b) the model is new object, which reflects some aspects of the object or phenomenon under study that are significant from the point of view of the purpose of modeling;

C) a model is a physical or informational analogue of an object, the functioning of which - according to certain parameters - is similar to the functioning of a real object;

D) a model of an object is another object (real, symbolic or imaginary) different from the original one, it has properties that are essential for modeling purposes and completely replaces the original object within the framework of these goals.

8. Insert the most accurate term from the list below into the sentence.

If the material model of an object is its physical likeness, then the information model of an object is its...

A) description;

B) accurate reproduction;

B) schematic representation;

D) transformation.

9. Which of the statements is true?

A) information models of the same object, even if intended for different purposes, should be similar in many respects;

B) information models of the same object, intended for different purposes, can be completely different.

10. Can information be passed from person to person and from generation to generation without the use of models?

A) no, you can never do without models;

B) yes, sometimes, for example, genetic information;

C) yes, most often knowledge is transferred without using any models.

11. Is it true that modeling is one of the main methods of cognition, a way of existence of knowledge?

A) no; B) yes.

12. Which of the following models are probabilistic? Choose three correct answers.

A) weather forecast;

B) a report on the activities of the enterprise;

C) scheme of the device functioning;

D) scientific hypothesis;

E) plan of events dedicated to the Victory Day.

13. Is the species defined correctly? next model: "The computer model of the flight of a ball thrown vertically upwards is a dynamic formalized model that simulates the behavior this object»?

A) no; B) yes.

Option - 2.

1. What pairs of objects are in the "object - model" relationship? A) computer - data; B) computer - its functional diagram; B) a computer is a program; D) computer - algorithm.
2. What computer model is formal (obtained as a result of formalization)? A) technical description of the computer; B) a photograph of a computer; C) computer logic; D) computer drawing.
3. An information model that has a tabular structure is ... A) computer file system B) periodic table; C) the genealogical tree of the family; D) functional diagram of a computer.
4. What model is dynamic (describing the change in the state of an object)? A) the formula of a chemical compound; B) the formula of Ohm's law; C) the formula of a chemical reaction; D) the law of universal gravitation.
5. The formal information model is... A) anatomical model; B) technical description of the computer; C) a drawing of a functional diagram of a computer; D) a program in a programming language.
6. A computer experiment can be carried out if the information model is presented in the form ... A) programs in a programming language; B) images in bitmap graphics editor; C) images in a vector graphics editor; D) text in a text editor.

7. Insert the missing word by selecting it from the list below.

An information model is purposefully selected information about an object that reflects the most significant for the researcher ... this object.

A) information;

B) laws of functioning;

B) distinctive features;

D) properties.

8. Insert the missing word by selecting it from the list below.

A computer model is ... a model made using computer technology.

A) informational; B) schematic; B) electronic.

9. Can different objects have identical models?

B) yes, but only for constructive (artificial, human-made) objects;

10. Building any model begins...

A) with the selection of properties and features of the original object;

B) with the definition of the purpose of modeling;

C) with the choice of the type of future model?

11. Insert the most accurate term from the list below into the sentence.

If the material model of an object is its ......, then the information model of an object is its description.

A) physical similarity;

B) accurate reproduction;

B) schematic representation;

D) transformation.

12. Which of the following models are static? Choose three correct answers.

A) a map of the area;

B) friendly caricature;

C) a program that simulates the movement of the dial hands on the display screen;

D) composition plan;

D) a graph of changes in air temperature during the day.

13. Which of the statements are true? Choose two correct answers.

A) the mathematical formula is an information model;

B) train schedule - tabular static model;

C) house plan - a graphic deterministic model that describes the structure of the object;

D) the standings of the football championship - a reference dynamic model.

TEST

"Database.

Database management systems (DBMS)»

Teacher - developer: Khazhina G.I.

Running time: 45 minutes

Explanatory note

This control work is carried out with students of the 11th grade of a comprehensive school after studying the topics of the section “Databases. Database management systems (DBMS) ”according to the textbook by N.D. Ugrinovich in 2 versions.

Students should

know / understand:

assignment of the most common automation tools information activities(databases);

what is a database (DB);

what data models are used in the database;

basic concepts of relational databases: record, field, field type, master key;

definition and purpose of the DBMS;

basics of organizing a multi-table database;

what is a database schema;

what is data integrity;

stages of creating a multi-table database using a relational DBMS.

be able to:

recognize information processes in various systems;

use ready-made information models, evaluate their compliance with the real object and the goals of modeling;

to choose the method of presenting information in accordance with the task;

view, create, edit, save records in databases;

search for information in databases.

Instructions for conducting:

1. The text of the test is issued to students in printed form2. Control work is carried out in the conditions of a school lesson3. Control work is carried out in a familiar environment for children.4. The students were also familiarized with the assessment criteria.

Option 1

Question #1

Databases are:

a)

Question #2

a)

Question #3

a)

Question #4

a) without modules;

Question #5

What is the feature of the field "counter"?

a) the data is stored not in the field, but in another place, and only a pointer to where the text is located is stored in the field;

Question #6

a)

Question #7

a) in columns;

Question #8

a)

Question #9

a) relational databases;

Question #10

a)

Question #11

a) macros;

Question #12

a)

Question #13

a) for selection and processing of database data;

Question #14

a)

Option 2

Question #1

Databases are:

a) an interface that supports filling and manipulating data;

Question #2

Without which objects can a database not exist?

a) without forms;

Question #3

The most common in practice are:

a) relational databases;

Question #4

Does a table contain any information in which there are no records

a)

Question #5

The most accurate analogue relational database data can be:

a) unordered set of data;

Question #6

Search keys in database management systems (DBMS) are called:

a) the number of the first record in order that satisfies the search conditions;

Question #7

Which of the following is not a Base object

a) forms;

Question #8

Why, when closing a table, the Base program does not offer to save the entered data:

a) because the data is stored immediately after being entered into the table;

Question #9

Tables in databases are designed to:

a) selection and processing of database data;

Question #10

What are forms for?

a) for selection and processing of database data;

Question #11

What field can be considered unique?

a) field whose value has the increment property"

Question #12

What elements of the table store database data?

a) in cells;

Question #13

Does a table with no fields contain any information?

a) does not contain any information;

Question #14

What are requests for?

a) to output the processed data to the printer;

Test Answers

Option number 1

(1)d

(1)e

(1)b

(1)f

(1)d

Option number 2

(1) b

(1) f

(1) a

Goals:
educational: to make a simplified mathematical model of object management.
educational: the formation of independence and responsibility in the study of new material;
developing: to develop the ability to describe management models, highlighting the significant differences in modeling.
Software - didactic support of the lesson: PC, task cards.
During the classes

Org. moment:

greetings;
checking attendees.

Updating of previous knowledge:

What is a model?
What types of models do you know?

III. Learning new material:
In the process of functioning of complex systems (biological, technical, etc.), the objects included in them constantly exchange information. Changing complex systems over time has its own characteristics. So, in order to maintain its vital activity, any living organism constantly receives information from the outside world with the help of the sense organs, processes it and controls its behavior (for example, moving in space, avoids danger).
In everyday life, we encounter management processes very often:

the pilot controls the aircraft, and helps him in this automatic device- autopilot; the director and his deputies manage production, and the teacher manages the education of schoolchildren; the processor ensures the synchronous operation of all nodes of the computer, each of its external devices controls special controller; without a conductor, a large orchestra cannot perform in concert musical composition, and a hockey or basketball team must have one or more coaches who organize the preparation of athletes for competitions.

Control- this is a purposeful interaction of objects, some of which are control, while others are controlled. Models that describe information management processes in complex systems are called Information models of management processes.
In any control process, there is always an interaction of two objects - the manager and the controlled, which are connected by direct and feedback channels. Control signals are transmitted via the direct communication channel, and information about the state of the controlled object is transmitted via the feedback channel.
Open-loop control systems. If the state of the controlled object is not taken into account in the control process and control is provided only through a direct channel (from the control object to the controlled one), then such control systems are called open. The information model of an open-loop control system can be visualized using the following diagram:

To demonstrate the principle of operation of open-loop control systems, we will develop computer model in programming language Visual Basic. Let the controlled object be the point that the control object (user) must move to the center of the target (circle). We will directly control the position of the point by pressing the buttons that move the object up, down, left and right. Feedback will be absent.

Model of an open control system.
Place on the form a graphic field along which the point will move, a button to display the initial position of the point, four buttons to control the movement of the point, and a button to display the position of the target.
The event procedure for the initial output of a point must include setting the scale and random generation point coordinates: Dim bytX1, bytY1, bytX2, bytY2 As Byte Private sub cmdP_Click() pic1. Scale (0, 20)-(20, 0) bytX1 = Int(Rnd 20) bytY1 = Int(Rnd 20) pic1. PSet(bytX1, bytY1), vbRed end sub
Four event procedures for moving a point should provide a change in the coordinates of a point. To move left event procedure: Private sub cmdL_Click() pic1. Scale (0, 20)-(20, 0) bytX1 = bytX1 - 1 end sub
Event procedure for displaying the target and the position of the point: Private sub cmd2_Click() pic1. Scale (0, 20)-(20, 0) pic1. Circle (10, 10), 5 pic1. PSet(bytX1, bytY1), vbBlack end sub
Click on the Admin. object and move it with the arrow buttons. Click the Result button. The deviation of the point from the center of the target is likely to be quite large.

Closed control systems. In closed control systems, the control object performs the necessary actions on the control object via the direct control channel, and receives information about its real parameters via the feedback channel. This allows control to be carried out with much greater precision.
The information model of a closed control system can be visualized using the following diagram:

To demonstrate the principle of operation of closed control systems, we will develop a computer model. To implement feedback, we will draw a new position of the point at each step, as well as display the coordinate values ​​of the point in text fields.

IV. Consolidation.

Implementation of projects. What control systems are called open-loop? What control systems are called closed? What is an open-loop control system from a closed-loop one?

VI. Summary of the lesson.
VII. House. exercise.
Read the abstract.

Control work on the topic

Modeling and formalization

1. What pairs of objects are in the "object - model" relationship?

1) computer - data

2) computer - its functional diagram

3) computer - program

4) computer - algorithm

2. The model is the replacement of the object under study with another object that reflects ..

1) all sides of the given object;

2) some aspects of this object;

3) significant aspects of this object;

4) non-essential aspects of this object.

3. The construction of any model begins with ....

1) highlighting the properties and features of the original object;

2) determining the purpose of modeling;

3) choosing the type of future model;

4) building a drawing.

4. Insert the missing word by selecting it from the list below.

A computer model is ... a model made using computer technology.

1) informational;

2) electronic;

3) schematic;

4) graphic

5. What computer model is formal (obtained as a result of formalization)?

1) technical description of the computer

2) a photograph of the computer

3) computer logic diagram

4) computer drawing

6. An information model that has a hierarchical structure is ...

2) lesson schedule

3) periodic table

4) TV program guide

7. What model is dynamic (describing the change in the state of an object)?

2) Ohm's law formula

3) chemical reaction formula

4) the law of universal gravitation

8. An information model that has a tabular structure is ...

1) computer file system

2) periodic table

4) computer functional diagram

9. What model is static (describing the state of an object)?

1) the formula of a chemical compound

2) formulas of uniformly accelerated motion

3) chemical reaction formula

4) Newton's second law

10. An information model that has a network structure is ...

1) computer file system

2) periodic table

3) family tree

4) model of computer network Internet

11. The formal information model is ...

1) anatomical model

2) technical description of the computer

3) drawing a functional diagram of a computer

4) a program in a programming language

12. A computer experiment can be carried out if the information model is presented in the form ...

1) programs in a programming language

2) images in a raster graphics editor

3) images in a vector graphics editor

4) text in a text editor

13. An information (sign) model is ...

1) anatomical model

2) building layout

3) ship model

4) chemical formula

14. In the information models of open control systems there is no ...

1) control object

2) managed object

3) control channel

4) feedback channel

15. If the information model of an object is its description, then the material model of an object is its

1) physical likeness

2) accurate reproduction

3) schematic representation

4) transformation

16. Indicate the correct statement:

1) The statistical model of the system describes its state, and the dynamic model describes its behavior.

2) The dynamic model of the system describes its state, and the statistical model describes its behavior.

3) The dynamic model of the system is always presented in the form of formulas or graphs.

4) The statistical model of the system is always presented in the form of formulas or graphs.

17. The process of building information models using formal languages ​​is called ....

18. List the main stages of modeling.

19. What is the name of a graph designed to display nesting, subordination, inheritance, etc. between objects?

20. What are the names of models in which, based on the analysis various conditions decision is made?

21. What is the name of the whole, consisting of objects interconnected with each other?

A purposeful change in the behavior of an object in time can be carried out in open and closed cycles.

A control system is a combination of individual elements into a specific configuration that provides the specified characteristics. Its analysis is based on the theory of linear systems, which assumes the existence of causal relationships between elements. A process or control object can be represented as a block

The connection between input and output is the transformation of one signal (cause) into another (effect).

A system in which the output signal is not applied to the control device is calledopen.

In an open-loop control system, an actuator is usually used to obtain the desired reaction of the OS (Fig. 1.1).

Fig.1.1 Open-loop control system (without feedback)

An example is the open-loop disk rotation speed control system shown in Fig. 1.2. Many modern appliances use a disk that must rotate at a constant speed. In this system, a battery is used to set a voltage proportional to the desired speed, then this voltage is amplified and applied to the electric motor. A DC motor, whose speed is proportional to the applied voltage, rotates the disc.

Rice. 1.2 Open loop disc speed control

A system that measures an output variable and compares it with a given value is calledclosed.

The measured output value is calledfeedback signal .

The simplest closed system is shown in Figure 1.3.

Fig.1.3 Closed-loop control system (with feedback)

In a closed system, the difference (error) between the desired value of the output variable and its measured actual value is calculated.

On fig. 1.4 shows a closed-loop control system for the speed of disk rotation.

Rice. 1.4Closed-loop disc speed control

In the existing system, it is necessary to introduce a sensor that measures the speed of rotation of the motor shaft, and a device for comparing the given speed of rotation of the disk and the actual one. For these purposes, it is convenient to use a tachogenerator, the output voltage of which is proportional to the speed of rotation of the motor shaft. The error signal is formed as the difference between the input voltage and the voltage of the tachogenerator. A closed system always strives to minimize error.

Structural and functional diagrams .

When depicting ACS, structural and functional diagrams are used.

General functional diagram determines the purpose of the elements and the sequence of their connection to each other. When drawing up a functional diagram, the system is divided into links, based on the functions performed (purpose).

To obtain a block diagram, the system is divided into possibly simple directional action units (based on the convenience of a mathematical description ).

Directional Link – this is a link that transmits the action in only one direction from the input to the output, i.e. changing the state of this link does not affect the state of the previous link working on its input.

Structural scheme – this is a scheme where each mathematical operation of signal conversion corresponds to a certain link. The block diagram consists of rectangles depicting the links of the system, and arrows connecting the inputs and outputs, the arrows also show external influences applied to the links. Each link in the block diagram corresponds to an equation or characteristic that describes it. Obtaining a block diagram is the ultimate goal of the mathematical description of the system.

In the general case, one functional scheme may correspond to several different structural schemes of the system, depending on the completeness of the mathematical description.

When describing the ACS, one can single out a typical functional diagram.

Rice. 1.5 Typical functional diagram of the ACS : 1 - master device; 2 , 5 - comparing devices;3 - converting device;4 , 8 - corrective devices(regulator);6 - amplifying device;7 - executive device;9 - sensitive or measuring elements;10 - element of the main feedback;11 - control object; f(t)- hindrance

The functional purpose of each of the elements of the typical scheme is as follows. The driving device (1) converts the input action into a signal x(t), convenient for comparison. Comparing device (2) by comparing the signal x( t) and controlled value y(t) produces an error signal ( t). The converting device (3.10) is used to convert one physical quantity into another, more convenient for use in the control process. The corrective device (4.8) provides the specified dynamic properties of the closed system. The amplifying device (6) provides power amplification of the error and control signal. Actuating device (7) is designed to influence the control body. Sensitive or measuring elements (sensors) (9) are necessary for measuring information signals.

Consider the functional diagrams of an open and closed disk rotation speed control system (Fig. 1.6 and 1.7)

Rice. 1.6 Functional diagram open circuit SU disk rotation speed

Rice. 1.7 Functional diagram of a closed control system with disk rotation speed

Lesson summary on the topic
« Information Models object management"

Goals:

educational: to make a simplified mathematical model of object management.

educational: the formation of independence and responsibility in the study of new material;

developing: to develop the ability to describe management models, highlighting the significant differences in modeling.

Software - didactic support of the lesson: PC, task cards.
During the classes

Org. moment:

greetings;

checking attendees.

Updating of previous knowledge:

What is a model?
What types of models do you know?

III. Learning new material:
In the process of functioning of complex systems (biological, technical, etc.), the objects included in them constantly exchange information. Changing complex systems over time has its own characteristics. So, in order to maintain its vital activity, any living organism constantly receives information from the outside world with the help of the sense organs, processes it and controls its behavior (for example, moving in space, avoids danger).
In everyday life, we encounter management processes very often:

the pilot controls the aircraft, and an automatic device, the autopilot, helps him in this;

the director and his deputies manage production, and the teacher manages the education of schoolchildren;

the processor ensures the synchronous operation of all computer nodes, each of its external devices is controlled by a special controller;

without a conductor, a large orchestra cannot perform a piece of music in concert, and a hockey or basketball team must have one or more coaches who organize the preparation of athletes for competitions.

Control- this is a purposeful interaction of objects, some of which are control, while others are controlled. Models that describe information management processes in complex systems are called information models of management processes.
In any management process, there is always an interaction of two objects - manager And managed that are connected by channels straight And feedback. Control signals are transmitted via the direct communication channel, and information about the state of the controlled object is transmitted via the feedback channel.
Open-loop control systems. If the state of the controlled object is not taken into account in the control process and control is provided only through a direct channel (from the control object to the controlled one), then such control systems are called open. The information model of an open-loop control system can be visualized using the following diagram:

To demonstrate the principle of operation of open-loop control systems, we will develop a computer model in the Visual Basic programming language. Let the controlled object be the point that the control object (user) must move to the center of the target (circle). We will directly control the position of the point by pressing the buttons that move the object up, down, left and right. Feedback will be absent.

Model of an open control system.

Place on the form a graphic field along which the point will move, a button to display the initial position of the point, four buttons to control the movement of the point, and a button to display the position of the target.

The event procedure for the initial output of a point should include setting the scale and random generation of point coordinates:
Dim bytX1, bytY1, bytX2, bytY2 As Byte
Private sub cmdP_Click()
pic1. Scale (0, 20)-(20, 0)
bytX1 = Int(Rnd * 20)
bytY1 = Int(Rnd * 20)
pic1. PSet(bytX1, bytY1), vbRed
end sub

Four event procedures for moving a point should provide a change in the coordinates of a point. To move left event procedure:
Private sub cmdL_Click()
pic1. Scale (0, 20)-(20, 0)
bytX1 = bytX1 - 1
end sub

Event procedure for displaying the target and the position of the point:
Private sub cmd2_Click()
pic1. Scale (0, 20)-(20, 0)
pic1. Circle(10, 10), 5
pic1. PSet(bytX1, bytY1), vbBlack
end sub

Click on the button Ex. an object and move it with the arrow buttons. Click on the button Result. The deviation of the point from the center of the target is likely to be quite large.

Closed control systems. In closed control systems, the control object performs the necessary actions on the control object via the direct control channel, and receives information about its real parameters via the feedback channel. This allows control to be carried out with much greater precision.
The information model of a closed control system can be visualized using the following diagram:

To demonstrate the principle of operation of closed control systems, we will develop a computer model. To implement feedback, we will draw a new position of the point at each step, as well as display the coordinate values ​​of the point in text fields.

Model of the closed control system.

Improve the previous project and place two text fields on the form.
Add lines to procedure codes:
pic1. PSet(bytX1, bytY1), vbRed
txtX.Text = bytX1
txtY.Text = byteY1
The use of feedback ensures that the point hits the target.

IV. Consolidation.

Implementation of projects.

What control systems are called open-loop?

What control systems are called closed?

What is an open-loop control system from a closed-loop one?

VI. Summary of the lesson.
VII. House. exercise.
Read the abstract.