In addition, the system database stores information about previous payments of each mobile network subscriber. According to all this information, the calculation of withdrawals is made. Thanks to the use of super-powerful computers, the calculation takes a fraction of a second, and its result is almost immediately reflected in the state of the subscriber's account.

Among the functions of the billing system there is also activation or deactivation (disconnection) of subscribers. Simply put, the system monitors the status of each account and provides communication services only to those subscribers who have the means to pay for them.

The connection is not established if the mobile account is depleted. After the provision of communication services is resumed automatically.

Modern billing provides for a feedback function. We can manage our account from our personal account: replenish, activate or deactivate certain services, change tariffs, etc.

Among other things, a personal account on the mobile operator's website makes it possible to check your billing for recent months, i.e. see which numbers the calls were made to, how long they lasted, and how funds were withdrawn from the account for them.

Additional billing features

Many people know that billing systems are often used for other than their intended purpose. Law enforcement and can use billing data to establish contacts of a person of interest to them.

An article about how to get permission for billing, whether it is possible to conduct it yourself, how the search is carried out in the billing system.

Navigation

Billing, analytical system services of mobile operators. The system consists in detailing outgoing, incoming calls, estimating the duration, navigating the location of the subscriber, detailing sent, received messages, cost of calls, messages.

Billing, an analytical system for the services of mobile operators

When is billing required?

• at the request of law enforcement organizations to conduct criminal and administrative cases, to search for a criminal.
• at the request of military state institutions, on the search for a person.
• at the request of private detective organizations.
• at the personal request of the subscriber under force majeure circumstances: loss of an adult, child, sick person.

Billing - navigation for determining the coordinates of a person on the ground

Billing options

• decoding (detailing) of calls, Internet access
• identification code - an identifier that each phone has, regardless of the number of SIM cards.
• recording calls from a person's mobile phone, which are transmitted as a radio signal to the nearest station antenna cellular communication, are fixed at the station, in the form of information from where the radio signal passes, identify the approximate coordinates of the caller.

The operator determines the location of the phone (possibly, the missing person) when the phone is turned on. When turned on, the device emits radio signals even when there are no calls. Radio signals are received by the operator's cellular communication station in the form of a cell number where the phone was located a certain time ago. The error radius is about 30 km.

Receiving radio signals from mobile devices, cell phone station

If the phone is located in an urban area, interference is created from numerous power lines, communication stations. The coverage radius will be less, up to two kilometers. Accordingly, it will be easier to find the location of a person (phone).

What can an operator do?

• accept or not accept a request from a client to find a person (phone).
• control the movement of a person (phone) by sending special SMS messages, the receipt of which goes unnoticed by a person (subject to acceptance of a request for billing).
• introduce high-tech systems for determining positions (location, coordinates of a person (phone)).
• use the list of geographical coordinates of stations of other operators and your own. The list is tied to specific addresses, routes. Accordingly, the coordinates of a person (phone) can be calculated.

How to get a mobile phone billing request for an individual?

Information on recording, analyzing calls is stored by the operator under strict confidence, in accordance with the law Russian Federation about communication. Information is issued on the basis of a request to the above organizations.

Billing is carried out at the request of official organizations

Let us stipulate that the procedure for obtaining billing for individuals is provided only theoretically. Without a serious reason, the procedure is prohibited to private individuals.
Private detectives who are licensed to billing, most often act in violation of the law, take a large cost for their services.

Private detectives act in violation of the law

Let's take an example: your phone was stolen, you want to make a request for billing by phone number. In this case, you want to know where, how much, what time there were calls from your number.
Perhaps someone else's SIM card is already in the stolen phone. We remind you billing carried out by code - identifier.
So your actions are:

• we write a request to law enforcement authorities so that the authorities make the following request to the operator serving your number.
• if you have a platform phone android that supports the online store program Market, you yourself can install any program, for example, tracking, remotely. However, this is the case if the phone catches the Internet. If the thief managed to uninstall the program Market, Go to standard settings from the manufacturer, nothing happens. In this case, again, you will have to contact official organizations.

What information and where can you get an ordinary person?

Billing- the system, in addition to a detailed analysis of calls, includes payment for communication services. Therefore, you can contact the operator serving your number with a request to print out calls for a certain period.

Mobile operator technical support

Before doing this, call service center customer service to find out if the service is available.

Is it possible and how to do billing on my own?

Although there are many programs on the Internet for which it is proposed to make billing, these programs are scammers.
To get an answer to this question, legal organizations are strongly advised to contact technical support mobile operator, clarify the cost, technical feasibility.
In practice, a request for billing private individuals is prohibited or can be provided at the request of official legal organizations.
We consecrated the issues of obtaining information billing— analysis, system capabilities.

Video: The concept of billing

Each phone has a unique code (IMEI), which is registered in the mobile operator's network after activating the SIM card and making the first call. This code allows you to track the location of the device, block it if necessary, for example, in case of theft. Data about the location of the device is transmitted to the billing server and stored here for a long time. However, there is information about tariff plan, call and SMS history, account replenishment.

When we are talking about phone billing, the most relevant information is about the history of calls and SMS messages, as well as about its location. It is determined by the operator quite accurately. When making calls, sending messages, using Internet services, the device transmits a signal to the nearest antenna (BS), due to which it turns out to calculate the address. The accuracy of the data is quite high, but there is an error. Its performance depends on the topographic features of the area, the presence of interference. And still billing mobile phones is actively used to search for them, regardless of what you have to look for - a device or its owner. The procedure is managed by the operator himself, provides data only in exceptional cases, because they are confidential. Who can use this service?

Who can find the phone by billing

Officially, the mobile operator does not have the right to disclose information regarding the location of the device, respectively, and its owner. Data is provided only at the request of law enforcement or judicial authorities. To get the material of interest, you need to write a statement to the police, on the basis of which the service employees will take actions aimed at solving the problem. A justified statement will be when searching for a stolen device. If you need to find a subscriber for personal purposes, this option worth postponing. In this case, apply other methods for solving the problem, which are simpler and more accessible.

Where to order phone billing

For everyone who feels the need to search for a phone and data about its owner, our site offers efficient and inexpensive services. We will provide full information on the topic, spending the minimum amount of time to collect it. Fill out an application for receiving services, name the mobile phone number and operator, mark which of the following data is needed:

• Name of the owner of the phone;
• Date of Birth;
• passport data;
• address of residence or registration;
• device location;
• information about the tariff plan, calls, SMS.

Depending on the amount of information requested and the mobile operator serving the number, the cost of services and the timing of data provision will differ. But a successful result is guaranteed in any case. You will receive the material text file, screenshot, or graphic. Data accuracy is guaranteed. We work with the following mobile operators:

• Beeline;
• Rostelecom;
• Tele 2;
• Yota;
• Motive;
• Megaphone.

Regarding how to order billing for an MTS phone or another operator, you should also consider: the sequence of actions and the features of the application will not change. Only the price and hours will differ.

Note! Each client who decides to break through the phone by billing using our website can count on:

• complete confidentiality;
• quality service;
• efficiency of information search;
• acceptable prices;
• several ways to pay for services;
• discounts on subsequent orders;
• free consultation.

We work for you, monitor the quality and availability of services.

Article about the concept of billing by phone number/

Navigation

Billing! What a sonorous, mysterious word!
How does the dry transcription of this word in Wikipedia sound, Billing means comprehensive measures, actions, decisions, at communication enterprises, where information is collected on various types of communication services, operator rates, customer accounts, processing of payment accounts.

In fact, Billing- a system, this is an additional program to support business services in the field of communication.

What does billing by phone number mean?

Billing by phone number, to be exact billing among cellular operators, it is a series of services offered to the subscriber. The following services are provided in this area:

• search for a person, navigation at the location of a person, an object, authorization in a communication network using an unchanged code, call analysis, storage of subscriber data, and so on.

How does it all happen?

Suppose we need to find a person, set the coordinates of his location, that is, conduct billing- operation.
A regular call is a specific group of actions. As mentioned above, any cell phone has its own code (email). When making calls, that is, authorization in the mobile network, the code works like a serial number telephone set. The code is also used to track telephone devices (for example, stolen), blocking.
Code - identifier (email) remains constant, no matter how the SIM card changes. It is not difficult to calculate who used the SIM card.

From each phone there are input and output calls, messages. According to these actions, the operator can also find out where the person is.

How does subscriber cellular communication work?

• the subscriber, including the phone, gets in touch
• the signal from the telephone (receiver-transmitter) passes to the antenna of the mobile communication station
• the location of the person with the phone is approximately determined
• the error depends on the geological features of the area, the number of cellular communication stations in a certain square of the region

The probability of finding a person is 100 percent, or almost 100 percent.
No search goes through without the data provided as a result of the analysis billing. IN billing includes analysis of incoming, outgoing calls, messages, call history, duration, price.
Operators keep the complete secret of the subscriber's personal data and call details, in accordance with the law on telecommunications and communications, the protection of user personal data.
Data billing- systems can be provided to law enforcement agencies upon the fact of investigating crimes, by court order.

It is forbidden for the subscriber to engage in billing without the permission of the relevant authorities.
Billing, a very powerful, powerful, but expensive search engine.

Billing systems: basic concepts

Billing. What associations does this term evoke? Maybe there is some connection with Bill Gates? No, fortunately, he has not yet "poked his nose" into the field of telecommunications. Well, this is just a joke. But to be serious, let's look at the origin of the word billing. The English word "bill" can be translated as "account" (other translations: bill, banknote). "Billing" is translated as "billing".

What is a billing system?

Systems that calculate the cost of communication services for each client and store information about all tariffs and other cost characteristics that are used by telecommunications operators for billing subscribers and mutual settlements with other service providers are called billing systems; the cycle of operations performed by them is called billing. A billing system (BS) is an accounting system, software, in other words, “software” designed specifically for operators. Which operators? Telecommunication. That is, we are not talking only about mobile operators. BS are also used by operators of conventional (fixed, wired) communications. In small offices, for example, you can conduct telephony billing (analyze: who called, when, how long the conversation lasted). IP telephony is another area of ​​application for BS. What about internet providers? They also use BS, for example, to generate invoices, to account for traffic. Any BS is created on the basis of a certain database management system (DBMS). Most of the BS in the world were created on the basis of the Oracle DBMS. Among other DBMS, Sybase and Informix can be singled out as designed for large amounts of information. And here are the names of some billing systems: BIS, Flagship, CBOSS, Arbor, Bill-2000-prepaid. It is worth mentioning that BS can also mean Hardware participating in the organization of billing.

Terminology

I will try to consider all the basic concepts and definitions related to the BS. I will focus on the BS used by cellular operators. But most definitions also apply to BS used in other areas. I will try to explain as simply as possible so that most readers can understand the material. If you have something to add to the terms I entered, write to e-mail.

There are several names of the billing system: ASR- automated settlement system; ischemic heart disease- information billing system.

One of the important qualities of the BS is its flexibility that is, the ability to adapt to changing circumstances. The flexible system is adapted not only to the immediate needs of the operator; due to qualities such as customizability, modularity and openness, it allows solving future problems. The more customization options a system has, the better. What is modularity? The modular principle of building a system is such a principle in which the entire system is assembled from separate parts (modules), like a house is assembled brick by brick. The BS also consists of such modules - subsystems. The BS includes, for example, a data pre-processing subsystem, a billing operational management subsystem, a customer notification subsystem (read below about the structure and functions of the BS). Under openness The system implies openness of the source code of the software product, which allows the operator not to depend on the developer in the future and independently maintain and upgrade the system. Closely related to the flexibility of the BS is the next quality of automated calculation systems - scalability.

Load scalability. With the growth of the subscriber base, the appearance of additional services, there should not be a need to change or modify the software part of the BS. The increase in the capabilities of the BS should be achieved by upgrading the hardware of the system. What is important to consider when designing scalable systems? It is necessary to use DBMS designed for large amounts of data. The DBMS must be compatible with various computer platforms in order to support multiprocessor operation.

Reliability- one of the main requirements for any system. The reliability of the BS is determined by the reliability of the DBMS and the technologies used in the development of the system. Not the last place is occupied by the reliability of the supplier (developer) of the application software: the time of his work on the market and, as an indirect indicator, the percentage of presence of systems developed by him in the telecommunications market. Why is the indicator indirect? But is Microsoft Windows the best and most reliable operating system? ... And yet it has a significant market share. However, the reliability of BS is also ensured by compliance with certain standards during their development (read about this below).

Multilingual- the ability to set different languages ​​for the presentation of information.

Multicurrency- the ability to work with any currency

Deferred billing- billing, in which calculations are made after the calls made.

hot billing- account balance is changed during the conversation, and information about your account balance can be obtained immediately after the call.

Billing Optimization- improvement, improvement by the operator of his BS.

Large BS- systems used by large operators.

Billing Posting- fixing the results of billing calculation; after calculations, the results become available to users(distributed, printed).

What can, what should or what is the BS responsible for?

European (by origin) standard TAR appeared in 1992. It is maintained working group TADIG. Most operators in Europe use TAR2 although there is a third version. Since 1995, the TAP2 modification, known as the specification TD.27, or NAGTAP2, began to be used in the United States.

Instead of a conclusion

You take your cell phone out of your pocket, dial a number, press "call" and ... the conversation took place. Now you can't wait to find out the balance on your account. If the billing of the system is "hot", you are immediately informed of this amount. “Everything was accurately calculated, a good billing system,” you think. Meanwhile, the other subscriber finds out that he has just reached the time limit and has been disconnected. “Why do I need this “hot” billing! Stupid billing system!” he complains… Yes, you can't please everyone at the same time!

Special thanks for the informational support to Bolshova Galina, columnist for the magazine

Each phone has a unique code (IMEI), which is registered in the mobile operator's network after activating the SIM card and making the first call. This code allows you to track the location of the device, block it if necessary, for example, in case of theft. Data about the location of the device is transmitted to the billing server and stored here for a long time. At the same time, there is information about the tariff plan, call history and SMS, account replenishment.

When it comes to phone billing, information about the history of calls and SMS messages, as well as its location, becomes the most relevant. It is determined by the operator quite accurately. When making calls, sending messages, using Internet services, the device transmits a signal to the nearest antenna (BS), due to which it turns out to calculate the address. The accuracy of the data is quite high, but there is an error. Its performance depends on the topographic features of the area, the presence of interference. And still, mobile phone billing is actively used to search for them, regardless of what you have to look for - a device or its owner. The procedure is managed by the operator himself, provides data only in exceptional cases, because they are confidential. Who can use this service?

Who can find the phone by billing

Officially, the mobile operator does not have the right to disclose information regarding the location of the device, respectively, and its owner. Data is provided only at the request of law enforcement or judicial authorities. To get the material of interest, you need to write a statement to the police, on the basis of which the service employees will take actions aimed at solving the problem. A justified statement will be when searching for a stolen device. If you need to find a subscriber for personal purposes, this option should be postponed. In this case, apply other methods for solving the problem, which are simpler and more accessible.

Where to order phone billing

For everyone who feels the need to search for a phone and data about its owner, our site offers efficient and inexpensive services. We will provide complete information on the topic, spending the minimum amount of time to collect it. Fill out an application for receiving services, name the mobile phone number and operator, mark which of the following data is needed:

• Name of the owner of the phone;
• Date of Birth;
• passport data;
• address of residence or registration;
• device location;
• information about the tariff plan, calls, SMS.

Depending on the amount of information requested and the mobile operator serving the number, the cost of services and the timing of data provision will differ. But a successful result is guaranteed in any case. You will receive the material as a text file , a screenshot or a graphic image . Data accuracy is guaranteed. We work with the following mobile operators:

• Beeline;
• Rostelecom;
• Tele 2;
• Yota;
• Motive;
• Megaphone.

Regarding how to order billing for an MTS phone or another operator, you should also consider: the sequence of actions and the features of the application will not change. Only the price and hours will differ.

Note! Each client who decides to break through the phone by billing using our website can count on:

• complete confidentiality;
• quality service;
• efficiency of information search;
• acceptable prices;
• several ways to pay for services;
• discounts on subsequent orders;
• free consultation.

We work for you, monitor the quality and availability of services.

The platform processes InitialDP 37ms; the subscriber listened to beeps for 10 seconds; the duration of the conversation is a little more than 5 minutes.

Billing collects information on the use of telecommunications services, their tariffing, is responsible for billing subscribers and processing payments.

There are 2 main types of calculation:

• Postpaid- invoicing for the period following its results (postpaid)
• And advance system(prepaid), when money is paid in advance.

Postpaid appeared historically earlier, but prepayment turned out to be more convenient for customers (more controllable - something is a little wrong, there is a shutdown, and not a big bill is issued).

Postpaid system

When a subscriber of a postpaid settlement system uses the services of an operator, special CDR (Charging Data Record) files are generated on the switches. In fact, these are ordinary logs that indicate the subscriber's number, date, talk time / amount of downloaded traffic, etc. Billing, on the other hand, (for example, once a day) connects to the switch, uploads CDRs to itself, calculates the cost of services and saves everything in a database (usually Oracle). Then, at the end of the month, the subscriber is billed in total.

Scheme of interaction between the Postpaid platform and the core of the operator's network.
CSN- circuit switching network; Represented by channel switches (MSCs).
PSN– packet switching network; Represented by packet switches and gateways (SGSN and GGSN, respectively).

The principle of operation of the postpaid system is relatively simple, because it does not require a real-time reaction of the platform: after all, the subscriber does not need to be warned about reaching zero (and, accordingly, there is no need to change the nature of the network's interaction with him).

advance system

In the case of advance billing, the telecom operator, in addition to taking into account the volume of services provided, needs to solve the problem of tracking the current account of the subscriber and, if it reaches zero, inform the subscriber / disable the provision of the service. Therefore, such systems are also called Online Charging System (OCS).

Since the operator provides different types of services and uses different types of networks (circuit/packet switching system), billing has to use different billing protocols to solve the problem of monitoring the subscriber's account, for example:

Scheme of interaction between the prepaid platform and the operator's network.

Let's take a closer look at these protocols.

cap

cap(CAMEL Application Part) is an application layer protocol of the SS7 stack that implements intelligent services in GSM/UMTS networks (for example, prepaid).

The location of the protocol on the stack. The figure also shows a popular option using SIGTRAN technology (an extension to SS7 that allows you to use the G7 protocols over an IP network).

The OCS communicates with the circuit switched network using this protocol. Here is an example of charging an outgoing voice call:

Charging dialog for CAP protocol, dotted lines ISUP messages are shown.

1. First, a message (Initial Detection Point) comes to the billing from the MSC1 switch, in which the subscriber's parameters are transmitted. These are incoming and outgoing numbers, cell address of the called subscriber and others. Based on this, it is possible to start analyzing the call. Billing creates a certain Detection Point in itself - that is, the state of the call. OCS determines whether the subscriber can make a voice call (if there are funds on the account), if possible, then for what maximum time.
2. The OCS then responds to the switch with a Request Report BCSM Event (“I initialized the Detection Point, waiting for further information about the state of the call from you”). And sends Apply Charging (“the subscriber has funds on the account, I allow the call”). The maximum time that the subscriber can use is also sent there.
3. The switch, having received permission from the OCS, initializes a voice connection between subscribers using the ISUP protocol by sending an IAM message (Initial Address Message) to the MSC2.
4. MSC2 responds towards MSC1 with an ACM (Address Complete Message), in this case it means “yes, my subscriber, he is now online, I’m starting to call him”. Having received this message, MSC1 turns on long beeps to subscriber A.
5. Subscriber B picks up the phone, MSC2 sends an ANM (Answer Message) to MSC1 - “my subscriber picked up the phone, connect them”.
6. MSC1 connects subscriber A and B, the conversation starts. MSC1 sends an Event Report BCSM (O_Answer) message to the OCS. OCS changes its own call state for this subscriber. From this moment, billing begins (taking into account that the first 3 seconds are free).
7. While subscribers are talking, MSC1 keeps track of the call time. If there is little time left, the MSC warns the subscriber with an audible signal.
8. In our case, subscriber B hangs up first, MSC1 and MSC2 produce a friendly handshake using REL (Release Message) and RLC (Release Complete Message) messages.
9. MSC1 sends an Event Report BCSM message (O_Disconnect - “subscribers successfully disconnected”) and Apply Charging Report (how many seconds the conversation lasted) to the OCS.
10. OCS receives this data and responds that it is now possible to close the session.

INVOKE --- A1 TAG: A1h 1B LEN: 27 --- INVOKE ID --- 02 TAG: 02h INTEGER 01 LEN: 1 02 INVOKE ID: 2 === CAP === --- INVOKE --- -- - OPERATION --- 02 TAG: 02h INTEGER 01 LEN: 1 23 OPERATION: 35 = applyCharging --- APPL CHARG --- 30 TAG: 30h SEQUENCE 13 LEN: 19 --- ACH BCC --- 80 TAG: 80h 0C LEN: 12 --- TDC --- A0 TAG: A0h 0A LEN: 10 --- MAX C P D --- 80 TAG: 80h 03 LEN: 3 01 19 40 MAX C P D: 4370

This is part of the trace. We see that the applyCharging message was sent via the CAP protocol, the maximum talk time (MAX CPD - Maximum Call Period Duration) is 437.0 seconds.

I will duplicate the picture before the kata: this is an example of communication using the CAP protocol. Timestamps can be estimated: the platform processes InitialDP 37 ms; the subscriber listened to beeps for 10 seconds; the duration of the conversation is a little more than 5 minutes.

And here the call is long and you can see how the system itself asks the MSC for the status of the call (activityTest) every 6 minutes. This is done so that, in the event of any error, the conversation does not last for days (until the subscriber is charged all the money).

The CAP protocol can charge not only voice calls - it is also capable of charging Internet connections, SMS, MMS, and so on. Although in practice, most often specially sharpened protocols (DIAMETER / OSA) are used for these needs.

OSA

OSA(Open Service Access) - an open programming interface developed by the 3GPP and ETSI consortium, often used for billing VAS services and mobile Internet.

Let's consider the operation of this protocol using the example of service billing mobile internet:

1. When you try to activate the PDP Context (the phone receives an IP address on the network mobile operator) GGSN asks the platform whether it is possible for this subscriber to activate a charging session (CreateChargingSessionReq).
2. In our case, everything is fine (the subscriber is in the database, there are funds), the platform creates a billing session and allows you to activate the PDP Context (CreateChargingSessionResp).
3. Now the subscriber wants to start downloading data. To allow it to do so, GGSN contacts the platform with a request to reserve funds (ReserveUnitReq). In general, a unit is an abstract thing, it can be anything - a kilobyte of data, a text message, a second of a conversation, a ruble, a pizza, a barrel, and so on. In our case, unit is 100 kB.
4. The platform checks if there is this subscriber, in accordance with its tariff, funds per 100 kB of traffic and responds with the message ReserveUnitResp (“funds are reserved”). Having received this message from the platform, GGSN allows the subscriber to download traffic.
5. When the subscriber has downloaded the reserved portion of the traffic, the GGSN addresses the platform with a DebitUnitReq message (“reserved funds can be debited”).
6. The platform debits the funds and responds with the message DebitUnitResp ("funds successfully debited").
7. The ReserveUnitReq-DebitUnitResp cycle is repeated until the subscriber downloads the entire Internet and closes the Internet session.
8. When the PDP Context is deactivated, the GGSN sends a message to the platform about the end of the billing session; the memory allocated for this session is released.

request debitUnitReq; OSA commands are wrapped in the SOAP protocol, which is in turn encapsulated by the HTTP protocol.

Conclusion

Changing customer needs (including an increase in the volume of transmitted data), the creation of new types of services, entails the evolution of the mobile operator's network, primarily in the field of VAS platforms and billing systems.

If you are interested in the subject of AAA family protocols, then later I will talk about RADIUS, DIAMETER and other interesting things.

Billing is an automated process that involves professional software. It analyzes how the signal passes through each cell, then sorts it and calculates what the cost of services will be for a particular owner. It is phone billing that generates payment for telephone communication. After the call, he writes off as much money as indicated in your tariff plan.

Billing systems

Mobile phone billing is a complex process that requires modern, high-quality and powerful tools. Software, banking and legal support are the components of new technologies. It is because of this that the phone billing program exists only in large e-commerce companies and, of course, in regional cellular companies.

The function of this new system is that it calculates the price for mobile services separately for each person. Programs save information about the time when the user called, the duration and other characteristics of conversations for a certain period (for a year or six months). Phone billing involves professional software that is used in the accounting calculations of telecommunications operators.

Load distribution

As a rule, cellular operators cooperate with each other. They install one station and share it without spending additional funds on software and Usually in each city one operator installs a separate tower for himself. In the countryside and on the motorway, several companies use one. The owner of this mobile station will be alone, but other operators pay him for rent, its cost is calculated based on the number of calls.

Internet traffic is also handled by billing systems. In this case, the subscriber will be charged at a separate rate. Every company is different. In one it is necessary to pay for the time spent on the Internet, in the other - for the transmitted and received information packages.

Billing features

Phone billing is based on a fairly simple principle. The switching node records all data, namely the duration and characteristics of the conversation. Further, all the information received is sent to the central station, where the calculation is made.

Software installed in central office, processes all data and monitors regulations, tariffs and rates. Phone billing contains all information about the user (tariff, availability of bonuses, rates for certain areas).

These modern databases store information about all payments of each client. This allows the settlement of withdrawals. High-quality and powerful computers are installed at billing stations, which allow you to make payments very quickly. Due to this, the result is almost instantly received on the subscribers' request about the state of the account.

The software also monitors the user's account status. The system has the ability to deactivate a subscriber. If a person has not replenished his account for a long time and does not use the services of a mobile company, then he is simply disconnected.

As you may have guessed, due to cell phone billing, a message pops up that the system cannot establish a connection with a zero bill. If you top up your phone balance, you can immediately use the services, the system connects them automatically.

Most mobile operators create a callback feature. It also controls billing cell phones. With it, by going to your personal account, you can replenish, disconnect, connect various services, change your tariff and much more.

If you go to the website of your mobile operator, you will be able to see your actions for the last month due to phone billing. You can see who you had conversations with, for how long and how much money you were charged for it.

Additional billing features: mobile surveillance

The mobile phone that we use for communication, like a camera, a video camera, a radio beacon, has some other functions. Now most crimes are investigated with the help of billing. This system is able to track all calls.

How can phone billing help in a murder investigation? It's simple, this system captures when we enter the Internet and where it happens, we call or send SMS.

With the help of new technologies, namely billing, many high-profile crimes have already been investigated and the perpetrators have been found.

Subscriber is always available

The mobile phone is a great human achievement, a new technology that has advanced progress. Unfortunately, this technology can also be used not for good, since a cellular one is a kind of radio beacon that will help track a person's location.

As we have already found out, the entire territory where there is a mobile connection is divided into cells. There are towers and special stations that have a specific address.

If you analyze the signal from a mobile phone, you can determine how far and where a person is (in a car, at home, on the street). Also, it is not difficult to determine the movement of the subscriber. You can take several towers and find out the route of a person with a small error.

Private billing

The first to use billing for investigations were private detectives. Of course, their actions violated the Criminal Code.

If it's forbidden, how did they get the information? The first way is to buy data from employees of a mobile company. But now it is not so easy, services have begun to deal with information leakage.

An article about the concept of billing by phone number / Navigation Billing! What a sonorous, mysterious word! As the dry interpretation of this word on Wikipedia sounds, Billing means comprehensive measures ...

Today, a mobile phone is not only a means of communication, a camera or a video camera, but also a radio beacon. All high-profile crimes of recent times were investigated using billing - a system that tracks calls from mobile phones. According to operatives, with its help today it is possible to reveal almost any atrocity.

Modern man, sometimes without knowing it, leaves traces everywhere - and we are talking not only about fingerprints. We leave electronic footprints almost every minute - when we call from a mobile phone, access the Internet, or insert a ticket into a subway turnstile. And these traces can be detected using various technical means.

Experts note that all high-profile crimes of recent times, including the murder of the first deputy chairman of the Central Bank Andrei Kozlov, were investigated using billing, a system that records calls from mobile phones.

Previously, the same technique was used during the Murovskaya operation to eliminate the Orekhovo-Medvedkovskaya organized criminal group.

So what is this very billing and will not its widespread use interfere with the privacy of citizens?

Subscriber is always available

The cell phone is one of the greatest inventions of mankind, which gave man the freedom of communication and movement.

But at the same time, a mobile phone is an excellent radio beacon that allows you to track any movements of a subscriber in space.

The fact is that the entire territory covered by mobile communications, divided into cells equipped with their own towers or base stations. As an employee told Itogi technical service one of the "big cellular three" companies, all towers have a clear address.

As a result, in technical information about a specific connection contains not only the telephone number of the subscriber contacted by the owner of the “handset”, but also the address of the tower through which the switching was carried out. In addition, the so-called sector is also recorded - that is, information about where the caller was located relative to the tower (to the north, south, west or east).

In addition, the technical capabilities of the equipment of cellular companies make it possible to determine the signal strength, which in turn indicates where the subscriber was at the time of the conversation - on the street, in a car or in a building.

Tracking the movement of the caller from one tower to another, you can make a route for him to follow with an error of up to 300-500 meters. The latest example of the successful use of the billing system is the arrest of the alleged assassins of the first deputy chairman of the Central Bank of Russia, Andrei Kozlov.

The police officers, having settled the procedural formalities, contacted all cellular operators and asked them for data on which base stations the crime scene was located in. Then all phone numbers were obtained, the subscribers of which contacted from this place. The work to identify all the callers would have taken several months, but the operatives were lucky - one of the killers, fearing that he would be killed by those who ordered the crime, turned himself in. True, by this time the detectives already had information that one of the subscribers, who got in touch from the scene of the murder, had previously lit up at the office of the Central Bank of Russia. That is, the criminal, with his frank confession, was literally a few days ahead of the police.

Electronic bloodhound

Professionals argue that one call is enough for qualified operatives and "techies" to receive the information necessary to start an investigation. At the same time, the process can no longer be stopped - the electronic bloodhound has taken a trail. Even if the suspect makes only one call, and then turns off the phone and gets rid of it, the place of the last connection, the number by which it was made, will be established.

This means that the operatives will still be able to find witnesses to the conversation, establish who the call was, and get a lot more important information, which will bring them closer to identifying the caller.

By the way, speaking of some positive developments in the investigation into the murder of journalist Anna Politkovskaya, one of the high-ranking prosecutors, according to Itogi, had in mind precisely the technical data of cellular communications that fell into the hands of the investigation.

True, the detectives themselves admit that they demonstrate such efficiency only when investigating particularly high-profile crimes. In all other cases, the bureaucratic machine stalls, devouring precious time.

In order for a mobile operator to provide data about the owner of a particular phone and information about his contacts and movements, the sanction of the investigator of the prosecutor's office is necessary. “As part of the implementation of the Federal Law “On Communications” cellular operators are obliged to provide information exclusively to the subject of operational-investigative activities, bodies of preliminary investigation, inquiry and the prosecutor's office upon a written request, drawn up in accordance with the norms established by law, - says Ekaterina Osadchaya, a representative of VimpelCom.

— Information is transferred only to a personally authorized law enforcement officer, because we work with personal data of subscribers and other confidential information, so the issue of protection from internal and external information threats the company pays serious attention. According to a VimpelCom representative, access to the billing system is strictly limited, all calls to the database are recorded and controlled by security units.

According to some information, today one Moscow investigator has up to 80 (!) criminal cases at the same time. With such a workload, prosecutors simply physically do not have time to sign all the papers submitted to them for consideration.

But even if the sanction is received, the operative sometimes has to wait several days until his request is taken into work by the security personnel of the cellular company. It’s good if you need to “break through” one number, but if there are, for example, a dozen of them ... All this takes time. Under favorable circumstances, one request is processed within three days. And then the fun begins.

The operative receives several dozens of finely written pages in his hands, which must be processed in order to establish the closest contacts of the subscriber, his movements, and so on. Theoretically, this should be dealt with by the Department of Operational Investigative Information (UORI) of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Moscow, but in many cases the detectives undertake to analyze the details of the subscriber they are interested in themselves. Some with multi-colored markers, a pencil and a calculator, and the most technically advanced - with the help of a special computer program "Cross". By the way, it is installed in the UARI and was created specifically for the analysis of telephone printouts.

According to experts, it is still very crude software making a lot of mistakes. This is where the problem lies - the WARI is overloaded, the operatives are trying to do something themselves, and this does not always work out.

There is, however, special program, which qualitatively and quickly analyzes printouts of telephone conversations. It is used with pleasure in their work by Interpol, Europol and the FBI.

There is only one caveat - installing such software on one computer costs 7 thousand euros. Calculators, markers and pencils, even taken together, are significantly cheaper ...

Private billing

Currently, information taken from mobile phones is more actively used by private detectives than others. It was they who first began to master this segment of the investigation. Of course, there is a whole bunch of violations of the articles of the Criminal Code, and therefore the information is well paid.

As one of the private detectives told Itogi, today there are two ways to purchase a printout of the contacts of the subscriber of interest. The first is to directly buy it from "their" people in the cellular company. However, to do this is quite problematic - the security services of mobile operators are constantly struggling with such leaks.

Here it would be appropriate to recall one funny story.

As you know, billing data is the main tool for collecting information about adultery. So, having obtained irrefutable evidence of her husband's infidelity, one woman in tears threw her husband in the face of the printout received from the detective telephone conversations and slammed the door. The exposed ladies' man took the details, went to his cellular company and made a terrible scandal. As a result, the company's security service very quickly figured out the "mole", and the channel for obtaining printouts for the entire detective agency was closed.

Since then, detectives have not given the fruits of their labor to anyone ... On average, today, receiving a detail of one telephone number(in professional slang - "detail") costs $ 500. Her analysis - establishing contacts of the subscriber, his movement, and so on - at least 1.5 thousand dollars. However, in order to interest a person in a cellular company, the detective must constantly request a large volume of numbers, and this does not always happen.

Therefore, there is another way - to ask familiar operatives to include in the list of mobile phone numbers submitted for punching and numbers that are of interest to a private detective. True, for the reasons mentioned above, this process may be delayed, which means that the detective will lose time and, possibly, miss the profit.

However, detectives note that it is becoming more difficult to obtain information every day. Cellular companies are paying more and more attention to the protection of information about their customers. “Issues of protecting the personal data of our customers are one of the priority areas in the framework of servicing our subscribers,” Kirill Alyavdin, an official representative of MTS, told Itogam.

In addition, according to a company representative, the protection of customers from unauthorized listening during conversations is provided within the framework of the cellular standard itself. GSM communications, which streams voice and data encoding as it is transmitted.

There would be a desire

Alas, as is often the case, modern technical means are used not only by detectives, but also by those whom they catch. Law enforcement agencies have evidence that the billing system is used by attackers in the preparation of serious crimes - murders, kidnappings or major robberies.

By the way, as a rule, former intelligence officers who have the skills of operational-search activity are engaged in this. When investigating some high-profile contract killings, law enforcement officers found printouts of details of the victims' cell phones from the perpetrators and customers of the crimes.

To the question of the Itogi correspondent whether it is possible to protect oneself from billing tracking somehow, an employee of a large cellular company answered in all seriousness: “It is possible. Never use a cell phone." I wonder how many people today will be able to follow this advice?

There is, however, another way - to communicate exclusively using SMS messages or make sure that the conversation does not exceed two seconds. The choice of a mobile operator is also of great importance.

Educational portal about mobile communication technologies

Some of them use base stations that cover a fairly large area, which makes it difficult to detect a subscriber.

However, employees of cellular companies and operatives admit that the list of modern technical means of tracking is far from being exhausted by the methods described above. The main thing is that technical capabilities are supported by the desire and professional motivation of operatives and investigators to solve crimes. And not only resonant.http://mobilnik.ua/articles/395.html