Intelligent street lamps are becoming the main elements of the smart city infrastructure. Resonance electric lighting system Latest technologies in lighting

Non-commercial Partnership of Manufacturers of LEDs and Systems based on them (NP PSS) analyzed the global market of lighting products and published a corresponding report.

Trends in LED Lighting

LED lighting today demonstrates its advantages over traditional light sources. The market for LED products has great potential for further development. Among the trends that are currently taking shape in LED lighting and can affect the further development of this area, the following can be distinguished:

Reducing the cost of LED products

Manufacturers of LED lamps are aiming to reduce product prices in order to actively replace traditional light sources. To do this, it is necessary to reduce the cost of production of components. New technologies and the increase in mass production significantly reduce the price of finished LEDs. However, the variety of powers and types of LEDs suggests that the market is still at the stage of determining the optimal parameters of LEDs for use in a particular area. Moreover, the cost of an LED in most cases does not significantly affect the final cost of a luminaire or lamp, the decisive role is played by the cost of a power source and a heat sink system. Manufacturers seek to reduce their cost by replacing aluminum in the radiator with thermoplastic or using high-voltage LEDs that can work without drivers.

Active implementation of lighting control systems

With the help of applications for smartphones today, you can effectively control the lighting, setting the parameters for brightness, on / off. LED lamps in combination with lighting control systems can reduce energy consumption by 20-60%.

Lighting systems based on organic light emitting diodes (OLED)

OLED technology allows the use of thin, bendable panels for lighting that can mimic natural daylight. Such lighting is more natural than conventional LEDs, but its cost is still very high for mass market introduction.

New technologies in LED lighting

In an effort to improve the efficiency of LED lighting, the attention of manufacturers is focused on the following technologies:

laser lighting

In LEDs, the radiation efficiency decreases with increasing current density, however, in laser diodes, the opposite is true: with increasing current density, the radiation efficiency increases.

Whisker nanocrystals (NNCs)

Whisker nanocrystals - comparatively new material, which has not yet found industrial application. The possibility of creating LEDs based on them is being actively studied by some manufacturers. NWs have unique properties: they have a large specific surface area, efficiently output light, and are free from mechanical stress caused by the substrate.

Remote Phosphor Technology

It implies the spatial separation of the phosphor and the chip. This technology allows you to increase luminous efficiency, reduce brightness and glare, solve the problem of heat dissipation and create new design possibilities. With spatial separation, the chip and the phosphor do not heat each other, which favorably affects performance characteristics lamp.

Geography and main areas of use of LED lighting

According to the forecast of the industrial research institute CSIL, by 2018 the global market for LED lighting products will grow to $63.6 billion, which is almost 3 times more than in 2013.

Market volume of LED lighting products in 2013-2018, billion US dollars

In terms of geographical distribution, most of the market for LED lighting products is in Asia - 43% (in 2015), 25% each belongs to Europe and North America. It is expected that until 2018 the geographical structure of the market will not change much and the percentage will remain the same.

According to the segment distribution for 2015, a large share of the LED products market belongs to commercial lighting - 39.3%. Outdoor lighting accounts for 37.3%, industrial lighting - 13.7%, residential lighting - 9.7%. By 2018, the percentage distribution by segments will not change significantly.

Market structure of LED lighting products by segments in 2013-2018, %

According to preliminary estimates by CSIL, by 2018 the largest markets for LED lighting products will be China ($17.4 billion), Europe ($15.3 billion) and the United States ($14.9 billion). In terms of exporting products, NP PSS advises Russian manufacturers to consider the direction of the EU countries as a priority.

I must say right away that I am not a professional lighting designer and I am not an expert in this field. I've always been more interested technical questions in lighting of premises (lighting calculations,). Although I really love beautiful interiors and can spend hours watching thick glossy magazines on interior design, construction and repair with bright color pictures. I especially like magazines with photo examples of real projects. My favorite magazines of this type are MajorDom and Beautiful Apartments.

Leafing through this type of magazines, first of all, I pay attention to how the lighting is organized in a particular case. At the same time, somehow imperceptibly for yourself, you begin to notice and clearly realize general trends in the development of home lighting: what lamps and fixtures are used, how they are placed, how the illuminated interior looks from different angles, and much more.

The other day, after talking with a young and pretty girl designer, I came to the conclusion that she agrees with everything that I enthusiastically stated to her, there are certain trends in interior lighting and they have the right to be voiced. Well, as I can voice all my thoughts through the site, now I will do this. I hope you will not remain indifferent, but leave your opinion about this material in the comments! This is very important to me!

So, in this article I want to share my observations with the readers of the site. What are the current trends in interior lighting? How are new ideas implemented? What modern technical solutions are used? What benefits can we get by putting into practice these modern trends in lighting design?

Such lamps can be rotated in any direction, while changing the direction of light and getting a new option for lighting the room.

These new technical solutions make it possible to significantly expand the possibility of using lighting in rooms, since with the help of the same lamps it is possible to obtain both general uniform and, if desired, directional lighting. In addition, track and cable lighting systems make it easy to place fixtures without fixing them to the ceiling, which is sometimes quite difficult to do in rooms with complex ceilings.

During the construction or repair of the premises, a small niche is specially organized. It further accommodates vases with flowers, figurines or other decorative items that are beautifully illuminated built into a niche from above or below.

Thanks to this, the room has additional volume, the space expands, the illuminated niche becomes a focal point and decoration of the entire room. In addition, with the help of such a niche, an additional tier of light appears in the room.

6. Combination of different light sources

In addition to all the lighting effects and the convenience of controlling light sources, dimmers have several other advantages - they allow you to increase the life of the lamps and save energy.

9. Using small portable lights

It is popular among lighting designers to use small fixtures with a narrow beam of light. Thanks to them, you can change the atmosphere in the room with the help of lighting almost several times a day and at the same time get different lighting effects.

The main advantage of such lamps is their mobility. They allow you to change or supplement the existing lighting scheme in the room without global alterations and repairs.

Just by making new source light and highlighting, for example, a beautiful wall in the corner of a room, or a large vase, we not only create a new focus of light, but also an additional level of illumination.

True, for the full use of small portable lamps, it is desirable to have indoors in different places Plenty of outlets to minimize the use of extension cords for such lamps. Otherwise, everything will be beautiful, but you will have to constantly stumble over twisted wires.

If it's not difficult for you, leave your comment on the article! I'm very interested in your opinion!

Functional lighting is a highly competitive area. It is constantly improving technology. Changes affect all aspects of this area. New lighting devices appear, the efficiency of light sources increases, control systems are introduced, etc.

Great prospects are associated with LED lighting - a field that is developing at a rapid pace.

Classification

Artificial lighting can be divided into several broad categories. Allocate functional (working), emergency, security and duty lighting. A separate group is architectural lighting, the role of which is more decorative and is reduced to creating an entourage and placing accents.

The main segment is occupied by functional lighting. It provides normalized lighting conditions (that white light under which it is convenient to work) in all rooms, as well as in areas outside the building intended for work, people and traffic.

Functional lighting is also divided into several types. According to the installation method, recessed, suspended, surface-mounted, freely placed on the floor lamps are distinguished. There are also downward radiating luminaires, multi-component lighting systems, luminaires for high and low spans, trunk systems, rack light sources.

Depending on the field of application, they distinguish, for example, the lighting of shops, enterprises, hotels, restaurants, offices, sports facilities, greenhouses, schools, surrounding areas.

Each group has its own approach. Thus, the lighting of industrial enterprises is the most complex and complex segment of artificial lighting. Light plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of the production process. The most correct approach here is the use of a complex of the most modern solutions, for example trunk systems with intelligent system controls for maximum energy savings. The same applies to logistics facilities. The use of lighting control systems for them is extremely important. The specificity of these centers is such that lighting is required only in certain areas of the warehouse in which people are located. In this case, the light can be turned on according to a schedule or only during the passage of forklifts through the warehouse and the completion of loading and unloading operations.

energy efficiency

The energy efficiency of light sources is the main indicator in the field of functional lighting, in contrast, for example, to architectural lighting, where this issue is currently in third, and sometimes even lower place (in the foreground - the complexity of developing a solution, the compactness of lamps, the creation effects, etc.).

According to SP 52.13330.2011 "Natural and artificial lighting", for artificial lighting, energy-efficient light sources should be used, giving preference, with equal power, to light sources with the highest light output and service life. First of all, these are various energy-saving gas-discharge and fluorescent lamps. However, with overall cost reductions, the development of new standards, green initiatives and the adoption of legislation aimed at protecting the environment, there has been a trend of increasing interest in LED solutions. As a relatively young technology, LED lighting has been able to develop rapidly and this moment This is the most promising direction in lighting technology. LED lighting products can be used in almost all categories of artificial lighting. This lighting solution is the most environmentally friendly in terms of the fact that it helps to save the energy resources of the planet. In addition, unlike fluorescent lamps, LEDs do not contain mercury, so they are not hazardous waste and do not require special disposal. Properly designed, LED fixtures are superior to traditional fixtures in a number of ways. They provide stable high-quality color and white light with virtually no visible color differences between luminaires; have higher energy efficiency; maintain a high luminous flux throughout the entire period of operation; require minimal maintenance costs, etc.

Currently, the main efforts of all key market players in the LED field are focused on two points - increasing the efficiency of LED solutions and reducing their cost. As technology advances, LED luminaires will offer tremendous opportunities for system upgrades. For example, most of the industrial lighting still used in Russia rarely reaches less than 10 W/m 2 /100 lux, while the power density of modern solutions can be less than 2 W/m 2 /100 lux.

Great potential in street lighting. In this area, lamps with sodium gas discharge lamps have become widespread, the disadvantage of which is the resulting bright dirty yellow light, under which it is impossible to determine the color of an object.

In fact, high quality color rendering is not necessary for highway lighting. It is important that sodium lamps produce a lot of light, which allows you to clearly distinguish traffic on the road. But so far no such LED lighting system has been created that would surpass this solution in terms of efficiency.

Meanwhile, the dynamics of the market is such that for several decades there has been an annual reduction in the cost of LEDs by an average of 20% and an increase in efficiency in terms of luminous flux by 35%. That is, the overall efficiency of LEDs has doubled every 1.5-2 years (data from LEDs Magazine).

Now the pace has slowed down a bit. Most likely, in the future, the pace will continue to slow down, but the trend will continue, and the main focus will be on even greater efficiency of the technology.

Modern solutions for industrial facilities and offices

In the industrial sector, two categories of luminaires have become widespread - high bays and trunk systems.

High bays (high bay systems, literally - lamps for high spans) are most often used in manufacturing plants and large logistics centers.

This lighting solution is based on point types of lighting devices. Lamps of this category are circularly symmetrical (they resemble bells in their shape) and reach 800 mm in diameter.

At the moment, the bulk of hi-bays are made on metal halide lamps (one of the types discharge lamps high pressure), which replaced the previously common sodium lamps (they do not meet the requirements of SP 52.13330.2011 for general and local lighting, according to which light sources must have a color temperature of 2,400 to 6,800 K and a color rendering of at least Ra = 50). Metal halide lamps combine a very high level of light transmission, long life and have maximum efficiency among all gas discharge lamps. There are also luminaires with fluorescent and LED lamps. The latter are not widely used in Russia because of their high cost.

In addition to high efficiency, a feature of this type of luminaires is stable operation in aggressive environments (in rooms where leaks, smoke, condensation, etc. are possible).

The closed luminaire and lamps in a special protective shell prevent the ingress of fragments and mercury into environment. Thanks to good optical characteristics they are also successfully used in rooms with high ceilings (about 15-20 m), for example, in exhibition halls and large sports complexes. There are lighting installations where luminaires for high spans are used at heights of 40 m or more.

Trunk systems (light-line systems) are familiar to most from supermarkets. This is the so-called light line, mounted on adjustable suspensions. In stores, linear types of fixtures, as a rule, are suspended above commercial equipment (counters, refrigerators, etc.).

In terms of efficiency, backbone systems are superior to high-beys. Firstly, they can be hung at different heights and create optimal vertical and horizontal illumination in a particular room. Secondly, they have proven themselves well when working with the control system. Unlike high bays, trunk systems usually use fluorescent lamps or an LED module. Both technologies allow you to automate the lighting system. These lamps quickly flare up, which allows you to instantly turn them on and off. Metal halide lamps, on the contrary, flare up very slowly (sometimes up to 10 minutes). White light in them is achieved by burning a huge amount of salts of different metals, and before you get it, the glow of the lamp changes from one color to another. The disadvantage of such lamps is a sharp dependence on voltage. If the lamp is turned on without allowing it to cool, it may fail. To prevent this from happening, a ballast is provided in the design of metal halide lamps, which blocks the lamp from turning on to the state in which it can ignite without harming itself.

The office sector is represented mainly by recessed and suspended luminaires. The most rational way to illuminate the room and create comfortable conditions for employees is through pendant lights. The main condition for this is a well-executed lighting project, in which the arrangement of workplaces is thought out and possible changes are taken into account (if possible). In this case, each luminaire is located directly above the desktop and, without any loss, provides the lighting required by the standards for a particular type of activity (for example, for work related to distinguishing objects of very high accuracy, it is possible to achieve the necessary illumination of the working surface of 500 lux).

When choosing this lighting system, it should be borne in mind that rearranging or changing the number of jobs in most cases will create a huge problem. The line of lamps has already been placed, and it is already impossible to move them anywhere without serious financial losses. If the company does not have confidence that the office will not undergo changes for a sufficiently long time, then it is better not to make this decision.

The lighting system based on built-in lamps, though not as effective, but allows you to solve the issue of possible "movement" within the company. Companies are usually left to choose between various types lamps. The main European trend for this category of fixtures is the transition from T8 fluorescent lamps (diameter 25.4 mm) to T5 (diameter 15.9 mm) and further to LEDs. In Russia, as some analysts note, they will most likely bypass the T5 stage and immediately switch to LED lamps, since the production of inexpensive LEDs, albeit inferior in quality, has already been launched.

A fairly new type of office lighting fixtures - floor lamps - deserves special attention. This technology is becoming more and more popular in Europe and the USA due to the advent of green certification. This is a rather expensive solution. For this reason, in our country, such lighting devices are still used only in single projects. The main feature of floor lamps is freedom of movement. In the case of reshuffles within the company, they can be easily moved, unlike hanging appliances. In addition, they have a low suspension height, which allows you to direct the light targeted, as is the case with pendant lamps.

Certification

An efficient lighting system allows you to get high scores in certification systems, in particular in LEED and BREEAM. An example of a building that emphasizes light in its space concept is the office of Jones Lang LaSalle. This approach allowed not only to reduce energy consumption, but also to create comfortable conditions for employees and customers of the company. The office premises are equipped with suspended fluorescent lamps equipped with light and presence sensors. The possibility of manual control of illumination parameters is provided.

Efficient Office Lighting System by Jones Lang LaSalle

An interesting detail is the dynamic LED panels located on the ceiling of the reception area. They are multi-color programmable LED modules covered with sound-absorbing fabric. All lamps are united by an intelligent control system.

The main requirements of green standards are the presence of a management system that provides automatic switch on and turning off the light, changing the level of illumination depending on the level of natural light, etc., as well as achieving a high indicator of the specific power of lighting, measured in W / m 2 / 100 lux (as mentioned above, for effective solutions this indicator can be 2 W / m 2 / 100 lux or less). The parameter shows how much power in watts is needed per 1 m 2 to achieve an illumination of 100 lux. It is often very difficult to determine what savings have been achieved in retrofits using just the illuminance value (in lux). At the facility, the standards could simply not be observed, and, relatively speaking, instead of the declared illumination of 400 lux, there was only 100 lux. The use of an average indicator in W / m 2 / 100 lux allows us to solve this problem.

Alexey Mikhailov - manager of work with key clients Philips Lighting.

The office meets the basic principles of two environmental standards at once - LEED (with a Gold rating) and BREEAM (Good). The vectors in these systems are shifted in different directions, which is especially evident when evaluating office buildings. LEED primarily requires the achievement of energy savings. In BREEAM, first of all, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for a person, and already in the second - to achieve savings. At the same time, strict adherence to all European lighting standards is necessary, and they are very strict. The more savings you get, the higher your points will be. And it's really difficult to save money where ergonomics are at the highest level. ●

ARTICLES

In the last decade, there has been an intensive development of lighting technologies. LED devices are gaining more and more popularity, which provide high-quality lighting of objects, are distinguished by a long service life and cost-effectiveness in use. High competition forces LED manufacturers to reduce the cost of their products and expand their functionality.

21st century trends in indoor lighting

The 21st century was marked by the development of new LED lighting technologies, which are significantly ahead of incandescent lamps and fluorescent equipment in terms of their efficiency. Scientists different countries conduct research on materials and methods for the production of light-emitting diodes (LED), which allows us to actively improve products. The advantages of LED lighting fixtures include the following characteristics.

Energy efficiency and economy

LEDs are much more economical light sources than their counterparts. Thus, the light output of LEDs is 120–150 lumens/watt, while for fluorescent lamps this indicator is only 60–100, and for incandescent and halogen lamps it is only 10–24.

The use of LEDs allows you to save money on preventive and repair measures. There is also no risk of overloading the power grid when the fixtures are turned on, and losses on the power lines are minimized. This is due to the fact that the current consumed by LED devices is 0.6–0.9 A (for gas appliances - about 2.2 A).

Environmental friendliness and safety

This equipment is environmentally friendly and does not require special conditions for maintenance and disposal. It is fire and electrical safe, can be used under water and in rooms with high humidity. Also, LEDs, unlike luminescent counterparts, do not emit mercury vapor and do not contain phosphorus. They do not have the negative effect of low-frequency pulsations that cause eye fatigue.

Stability and duration of work

The average life of LEDs is about 50,000 hours, which is 10-100 times longer than incandescent lamps. In addition, the luminous flux and luminous intensity of LEDs do not change over time (traditional lamps show a decrease in luminous flux by 40–60% already in the first months of use).

These lighting devices are equipped with aluminum alloy housings and polycarbonate glasses, which makes them durable, reliable and vibration resistant. They operate in a wide range - 80-230 V, so they function properly in conditions of voltage drops. So, if the voltage drops to 110 V, the conventional lamps turn off, and the LED devices continue to perform their functions (although their brightness decreases).

LED lamps have proved themselves in the best way in severe weather conditions. Conventional lamps used for street lighting do not start satisfactorily at -20°C. And LEDs work properly at temperatures down to -60 ° C.

Improving Color Quality

The high radiation contrast provided by LED lamps makes it possible to increase the clarity of illuminated objects and improve color rendering (its index is 75–85 Ra, for incandescent lamps - 68, for sodium lamps - 25). Efficiency of using light flux in data lighting fixtures reaches 100%, while for standard street lamps it does not exceed 75%.

Intelligent control

Advanced Developers lighting equipment offer devices whose operation can be controlled, for example, by means of mobile devices. In particular, the user has the ability to program the lights on and off, adjust the operating modes for various life situations, change the color of the radiation, etc.

Expansion of scopes of LED lighting and active development of LED technologies

Thanks to the active development of lighting technologies, LED lamps began to be actively used in residential and office premises, as well as on the streets. LED devices are used to organize non-standard lighting systems, to illuminate billboards and shop windows, landscape design elements, building facades.

New LED Lighting Technologies: Innovative Developments and Solutions

The active development of energy-saving LED lighting technologies has led to the fact that the global sales of LED devices in 2013 increased to 14.4 billion dollars, and by 2018 may reach 25.9 billion. Increasing sales growth rates are supported by the reduction in LED prices to a level that makes it profitable to replace traditional lamps with LED ones. If until 2012 LEDs were most actively used to illuminate displays and TV screens, now more than 50% of the market falls on these lighting systems.

The bulk of sales of LED devices are provided by Japanese (Nichia Corporation, Everlight Electronics, etc.) and South Korean (Seoul Semiconductor, LG, etc.) manufacturers. The former account for about 27–32% of the market, while the latter account for about 26–27%. In the US, sales growth is provided by 3 companies - Cree, Veeco Instruments, Applied Materials, in Europe - only one - Philips Lighting (Netherlands). About 68% of sales of LED equipment fall to the share of the above eight manufacturers. However, in recent years, enterprises from Taiwan (13 companies) and China (9 enterprises) have been actively involved in ensuring sales growth.

In the development of lighting technologies, there are such trends as the consolidation of manufacturers (due to lower prices for goods, and, accordingly, profits), intellectualization of products, growth in sales of medium and high power devices, and the development of the production of power supplies for LEDs. Today, scientists are working on the implementation of the following innovative solutions.

GaN LEDs on silicon substrates: one step ahead

This lighting technology provides excellent light output, and, consequently, high light brightness and energy efficiency. Initially, rather expensive sapphire substrates were used in production, but then they were replaced by more affordable silicon ones. They are about 30% cheaper than sapphire ones, but the question of the advisability of their mass production has not yet been resolved, since devices with silicon substrates are equipped with expensive power supplies and optics. Accordingly, the cost of the final product is reduced slightly. Toshiba, LatticePower, Aledia, BridgeLux, Azzurro Semiconductors, Plessey and ARC Energy are currently developing GaN LED technologies on 100 and 150 mm substrates.

GaN LEDs on GaN substrates: the technology of the future

This is another rapidly developing state-of-the-art technology that compares favorably with silicon substrate technology by more high quality color rendering and luminous flux intensity (for GaN-on-GaN products it is 5–10 times higher than for GaN-on-Si and GaN-on-SiC LEDs). The development of this technology is carried out, in particular, by Soraa. According to the specialists of this enterprise, the use of a "native" GaN substrate makes it possible to simplify the process of manufacturing LEDs and reduce the cost of production.

LED SlimStyle: thinner is better

Philips and NliteN develop technologies for the production of LED lamps SlimStyle. The advertised value of this elegant piece is less than $10. It is distinguished by its thinness and lightness, as well as the relatively low cost of production. The main feature of such lamps is the presence of a disc-shaped heat sink, on which 26 LEDs are located. The brightness of the glow of the device is 800 lm, the power is 10.5 watts.

The lamp emits soft white light and has a lifespan of approximately 3 years (and this is the main reason for the doubt that the competitiveness of the product will be high, as the lifespan of competing products can be up to 10 years). The developers believe that this LED device can be used for lighting apartments and houses.

AC LED Power Supplies: Easier and More Efficient

When developing new lighting technologies, attention is also paid to power sources. So, traditionally, to ensure uniform (flicker-free) lighting, power supplies are used on DC providing protection LED lamp from short circuit, overheating and power surges.

But recently there has been a trend towards the use of alternating current sources. Their advantages include the simplicity of architecture and the ability to rid LEDs of such disadvantages as low power and significant non-linear distortion. Development and implementation of power supplies according to alternating current are engaged in Seoul Semiconductor (Acriche series) and Lynk Labs (Tesla series).

LED with color customization

Modern lighting technologies make it possible to design LED luminaires to obtain any color in the visible range. Violet and blue lights emit a full spectrum of colors. Colored devices are in demand, first of all, for the design of cars, commercial and residential premises.

For example, Philips produces sets of LED lamps Hue, whose radiation (intensity, color) can be controlled using mobile applications. Comes with 3 bulbs and a hub. The user can program the schedule for switching devices on and off, their operating modes in various life situations (work, rest, etc.). The color of the radiation can be selected from a palette or even from a photograph. But such kits have a significant drawback - the cost, reaching $ 200. This factor still prevents the wide distribution of such equipment.

Human Centric Lighting (HCL): lighting and biorhythms

Developers strive to adapt residential lighting technologies to the features human body, so luminaires with controlled emission color appeared. The use of such equipment makes it possible to organize lighting that has a positive effect on human health, in particular, on biorhythms, which, according to researchers (as part of the Human Focused Lighting program), to some extent determine the likelihood of developing obesity, diabetes and cancer. diseases. This program is especially popular in the US and Europe. It touches upon the issues of improving mood, increasing attention and efficiency, normalizing sleep and wakefulness, etc. LEDs in HCL luminaires provide control over color temperature and light flow. According to the experts of the association Lighting Europe, by 2020, such devices will account for about 7% of the lighting market.

Thus, modern technologies of lighting systems allow users to reduce the cost of purchasing and maintaining lighting equipment. And the emerging intellectualization of devices already today makes it possible to remotely control lighting systems and customize their work to suit your own needs.

LED (light-emitting diode, light-emitting diode, light-emitting diode) is the general name for the technology semiconductor device used in the creation of light-emitting devices (room lighting, traffic lights, car headlights, decorative lighting). Unlike the usual “Ilyich lamp”, which emits in a wide spectrum, the light of an LED initially lies in a narrow range of the spectrum and depends on the chemical composition of the semiconductors used. LED bulbs are distinguished by high brightness and energy saving, but have a limited switching resource. Until recently, LEDs were very expensive, but now not a single light switch can do without them.

What you won’t go to in order to be fashionable in the 21st century. Artists, designers and stylists show the height of ingenuity to impress others with their work. Including using various technological tricks in projects. Bright makeup today no longer surprises anyone, so Texas designer Tien Pham decided to literally highlight the eyes of his models. eyelash extensions are called f.lashes (a play on words from "flash" - flash and "lashes" - eyelashes).

Sony introduced the world's first curved HDTV with LED backlit. For those who are now sitting in a slight bewilderment and wondering - what about the curved TVs from LG, which are already almost on the market - we will answer: LED and OLED are two completely different technologies. Sony called its curved LED-new product, which, among other things, has impressive viewing angles S990A.