Presentation on the topic "new information technologies". Presentation on computer science "information technology" New items in information technology presentation

History of information technology
Completed by: Shevchenko A.
Class: 11-B
Teacher: Diordieva N.V.

The history of information technology dates back long before the emergence of the modern discipline of computer science, which appeared in the 20th century.
Information technology (IT) is associated with the study of methods and means of collecting, processing and transmitting data in order to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon.
Due to the increasing needs of mankind to process more and more data, the means of obtaining information have improved from the earliest mechanical inventions to modern computers.

A very important property of information technology is that for it information is not only a product, but also a raw material. Electronic modeling of the real world on a computer requires processing a significantly larger amount of information than the final result contains.
The development of information technology can be divided into stages. Each stage is characterized by a certain feature.

The initial stage of IT development (1945-1960s)
It is characterized by the fact that the interaction between humans and computers is based on machine languages. The computer is available only to professionals.
In 1944, the Mark I, the first programmable computer, was launched in America. And in 1948, the Manchester Child was built - the first practical computer based on the Turing machine model, capable of running stored programs.
Then, in 1950, the National Physical Laboratory (UK) completed the Pilot ACE, a small-scale programmable computer based on the Turing machine model.

Second stage (1960-1970s)
Characterized by the creation of operating systems. Several tasks formulated by different users are being processed; The main goal is the greatest load on machine resources. The Unix operating system is being actively developed in America.

In December 1969, an experimental network was created that connected four nodes:
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)
University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)
Stanford Research University (SRI)
Utah State University
Over the course of several years, the network gradually covered the entire United States. Thus, as a result of more and more new nodes joining the network, the well-known Internet web was formed.
Creation of the Internet

Third stage (1970-1980s)
The stage is characterized by a change in the criterion for the efficiency of data processing; human resources for software development and maintenance become the main ones. This stage includes the distribution of minicomputers. An interactive mode of interaction between several users is carried out.

Fourth stage (1980-1990s)
A new qualitative leap in software development technology. The center of gravity of technological solutions is transferred to the creation of means of interaction between users and computers when creating a software product. The key element of the new information technology is the representation and processing of knowledge. Knowledge bases and expert systems are being created. Total distribution of personal computers.

In 1983, the term “Internet” was assigned to the ARPANET network.
In 1985, Intel Corporation (America) introduced a new processor with an operating frequency of 12 MHz.
And already in 1990, Intel introduced a new processor - a 32-bit one. Speed ​​- 27 million operations per second.
In the same year, MSDOS 4.01 and Windows 3.0 were created.
These inventions became a real breakthrough in the field of IT.

Apple introduced the first monochrome handheld scanner in 1991.
In the same year, IBM introduced the first laptop with a screen based on an active color liquid crystal matrix (AC LCD).
In 1992, NEC released the first double-speed CD-ROM drive. Intel introduced the 486DX2/40 processor with “doubling” the system bus frequency (1.25 million transistors). Speed ​​- 41 million operations per second.
August 24, 1995 is the official release date of Windows 95.
In 1998, Windows 98 was released with built-in Internet Explorer 4.0 and Outlook.
Fifth period (1990-2000)

Sixth period (2000-2014)
Mobile operating systems that run on smartphones, tablets, PDAs, or other digital mobile devices are gaining popularity. Modern mobile operating systems combine the features of a personal computer operating system with features such as a touch screen, cellular connectivity, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, MP3 player, NFC and infrared. .
Mobile devices with mobile communications capabilities (such as a smartphone) contain two mobile operating systems. The software platform that is available to the user is complemented by a second low-level proprietary real-time operating system that runs the radio and other equipment. The most common mobile operating systems are Android, Asha, Blackberry, iOS, Windows Phone, Firefox OS, Sailfish OS, Tizen, Ubuntu Touch OS. They have been represented for a long time
countries such as Canada, USA, Finland and others.

History of information technology in the USSR
The main universal computers of the first and second generations were developed in the USSR according to original projects of domestic specialists, which were created in parallel with the world ones. The main work was carried out at ITMiVT, Kiev Institute of Cybernetics, INEUM, SKB-245.
In 1950, M. A. Lavrentyev, together with S. A. Lebedev, founded the institute’s laboratory for the development of computers. In this laboratory, projects of such computers as BESM, BESM-2, M-20, BESM-6, and Elbrus series computers were created.
Under the leadership of Lebedev in the period 1948-1951. the first domestic computing machine MESM was created - a small electronic calculating machine of the first generation. In parallel with his work in Kyiv, S. A. Lebedev leads the development of a large electronic calculating machine BESM. Since 1953, the first BESM model had reduced performance, about 2000 operations per village.
The pinnacle of scientific and engineering achievements of S. A. Lebedev was BESM-6, the first model of the machine was created in 1967. It implemented such new principles and solutions as parallel processing of several commands, ultra-fast register memory, layering and dynamic distribution of RAM, multi-program operating mode, developed interrupt system.

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Alibaeva M.F., Aslaeva M.M.

GBOU SPO BSHT; The presentation was made by students Alibaeva M.F. and Aslaeva M.M., 2014, 14 slides with animation. The presentation was made as part of independent work in the academic discipline "Information technologies in professional activities."

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Information technology The presentation was made by students of the Baimak Agricultural College Alibaeva M.F. and Aslaeva M.M.

Definition of information technology Information technology (IT, from the English information technology, IT) is a class of areas of activity related to technologies for managing and processing a huge flow of information using computer technology. 2

Information technology is a system-organized sequence of operations performed on information using automation tools and methods. Operations are elementary actions on information. 3

Information technology market Thus, the information technology market is transforming towards an orientation towards IT services, while a significant part of these services will be provided from developing countries. Unlike manufacturing industries, where the international division of labor has already taken shape, the geographical distribution of the IT industry is not yet complete, and Russia has a chance to significantly increase its share in the global market. 4

Classification of information technologies As already noted, the concept of information technology cannot be considered separately from the technical (computer) environment, i.e. from basic information technology. Hardware (technical) means intended for organizing the process of processing data (information, knowledge), as well as hardware (technical) means intended for organizing communication and transferring data (information, knowledge) 5

Economic problems solved in batch mode are characterized by the following properties: the algorithm for solving the problem is formalized, the process of solving it does not require human intervention; there is a large amount of input and output data, a significant part of which is stored on magnetic media; the calculation is performed for most entries in the input files; the long time it takes to solve the problem is due to large volumes of data; regulation, i.e. tasks are solved at specified intervals. 6

Technology is a complex of scientific and engineering disciplines implemented in labor techniques, sets of material, technical, energy, and labor factors of production, methods of combining them to create a product or service that meets certain requirements. The word technology, which appeared among the ancient Greeks as a term to denote the skill of making things, in the modern interpretation means a complex of scientific and engineering knowledge about the methods and factors of production for creating any product or service. 7

Information technology (IT) is a complex of interrelated scientific, technological, and engineering disciplines that study: methods for effectively organizing the work of people involved in processing and storing information; computer technology; methods of organizing and interacting with people and production equipment, their practical applications; associated with all this are social, economic and cultural problems. 8

Sign of division - type of tasks and information processing processes Stage 1 (60s - 70s) - data processing in computer centers in a shared mode. The main direction of development of information technology was the automation of operational routine human actions. Stage 2 (since the 80s) - the creation of information technologies aimed at solving strategic problems. 9

A sign of division - problems standing in the way of informatization of society. Stage 1 (until the end of the 60s) is characterized by the problem of processing large volumes of data in conditions of limited hardware capabilities. The 2nd stage (until the end of the 70s) is associated with the spread of computers of the 1VM/360 series. The problem at this stage is that the software lags behind the level of hardware development. Stage 3 (from the beginning of the 80s) – the computer becomes a tool for the non-professional user, and information systems become a means of supporting his decision-making. Problems - maximum satisfaction of user needs and creation of an appropriate interface for working in a computer environment. Stage 4 (from the beginning of the 90s) – the creation of modern technology for inter-organizational communications and information systems. The problems of this stage are very numerous. The most significant of them are: developing agreements and establishing standards and protocols for computer communications; organizing access to strategic information; organization of information protection and security. 10

The sign of division is the advantage that computer technology brings. The 1st stage (from the beginning of the 60s) is characterized by fairly efficient information processing when performing routine operations with a focus on the centralized collective use of computer center resources. The 2nd stage (from the mid-70s) is associated with the advent of personal computers. The approach to creating information systems has changed - the orientation is shifting towards the individual user to support the decisions he makes. The 3rd stage (from the beginning of the 90s) is associated with the concept of analyzing strategic advantages in business and is based on the achievements of telecommunication technology of distributed information processing. eleven

An information system (IS) is an information service system for employees of management services and performs technological functions for the accumulation, storage, transmission and processing of information. It develops, is formed and functions in accordance with the regulations determined by the methods and structure of management activities adopted at a specific economic entity, and implements the goals and objectives facing it. 12

WIMP - interface - stands for Windows (window) Image (image) Menu (menu) Pointer (pointer). A window containing program images and an action menu is displayed on the screen. A pointer is used to select one of them. SILK - interface stands for - Speach (speech) Image (image) Language (language) Knowledge (knowledge). When using the SILK interface on the screen, a speech command moves from one search image to another along semantic semantic connections. 13

14 Thank you for your attention

Information technologies. Information Technology. Information technology c. Information technologies and systems. Modern information technologies. Information technologies in education. Information technologies in our education. Multimedia presentation. Information technology concept. Fundamentals of information technology.

Modern computer technologies. Types of information technologies. Application of computer technologies. New information technologies. Information technologies in medicine. Multimedia lesson. Course Information Technology. Multimedia project. Information technologies in the educational process. Professions In information technology.

Information technology in the classroom. Multimedia presentations in the classroom. Information technologies in jurisprudence. History of the development of information technology. Using information and communication technologies in technology lessons. Program "Information Technologies in Education". Information technologies in office work.

Interactive methods of education. Information technologies in educational institutions. PLC technology. Topic 1. Information technology. New information technologies in the educational process. Information technology 7th grade. Multimedia history. The concept of information process and information technology.

Multimedia lesson No. 3. The use of information and communication technologies in the educational process. information and communication technologies in mathematics lessons. Using information technology in mathematics lessons. Composition and operation of a computer system. Information technology in the history lesson.

Information technology is understood as a process that uses a set of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon (information product).

Stages of development of information technology: 1st stage (until the second half of the 19th century) “manual” information technology, the tools of which included: a pen, an inkwell, a book. Communications were carried out manually by sending letters, packages, and dispatches through the mail. The main goal of technology is to present information in the required form.

Stage 2 (from the end of the 19th century) “mechanical” technology, equipped with more advanced means of mail delivery, the tools of which included: a typewriter, a telephone, a voice recorder. The main goal of technology is to present information in the required form using more convenient means.

Stage 3 (20th century) “electrical” technology, the tools of which included: mainframe computers and related software, electric typewriters, photocopiers, portable voice recorders. The main purpose of information technology begins to move from the form of information presentation to the formation of its content.

Stage 4 (from the beginning of the 70s) “electronic” technology, the main tools of which are large computers and automated control systems (ACS) and information retrieval systems created on their basis, equipped with a wide range of basic and specialized software systems. The center of gravity of technology is shifting even more to the formation of the content side of information for the management environment of various spheres of public life, especially to the organization of analytical work.

Stage 5 (from the mid-80s) “computer” (“new”) technology, the main tool of which is a personal computer with a wide range of standard software products for various purposes. At this stage, the process of personalization of automated control systems occurs, which manifests itself in the creation of decision support systems for certain specialists. Stage 5 (from the mid-80s) “computer” (“new”) technology, the main tool of which is a personal computer with a wide range of standard software products for various purposes. At this stage, the process of personalization of automated control systems occurs, which manifests itself in the creation of decision support systems for certain specialists.

Stage 6 – “network technology” (sometimes considered part of computer technology). Global and local computer networks are beginning to be widely used in various fields. It is predicted to experience rapid growth in the near future, driven by the popularity of its founder - the global computer network Internet.

Such systems have built-in elements of analysis and artificial intelligence for different levels of management, are implemented on a personal computer and use telecommunications. In connection with the transition to a microprocessor base, technical means for household, cultural and other purposes are also undergoing significant changes.

In recent years, the term “information technology” is often synonymous with the term “computer technology”, since all information technologies are now in one way or another connected with the use of a computer. In recent years, the term “information technology” is often synonymous with the term “computer technology”, since all information technologies are now in one way or another connected with the use of a computer.

However, the term “information technology” is much broader and includes “computer technology” as a component. At the same time, information technologies based on the use of modern computer and network tools form the term “Modern information technologies”.

Systems for broadcasting information, information exchange, providing operations for collecting, producing, accumulating, storing, processing, transmitting information and the ability to access information resources of computer networks (including global ones).

Computer graphics systems, software systems (programming languages, translators, compilers, operating systems, application software packages, etc.), etc.; modern means of communication that provide information interaction between users both at the local level (for example, within one organization or several organizations) and globally (within the global information environment).

To implement modern information technologies, it is required: to create technological conditions, hardware and software, telecommunication systems that ensure the normal functioning of the production sector; within the framework of the international division of labor in national competitive information technologies and resources;. To implement modern information technologies, it is required: to create technological conditions, hardware and software, telecommunication systems that ensure the normal functioning of the production sector; within the framework of the international division of labor in national competitive information technologies and resources;.

Ensure the priority development of advanced production of information and knowledge; prepare qualified personnel; implement the comprehensive implementation of information technologies in the sphere of production, management, education, science, culture, transport, and energy.